Abstract
IT has been accepted in the past that coals are effectively smokeless when they contain less than 20 per cent of volatile matter. Thus the approved smokeless fuels include low-volatile steam coals ranging in volatile content from 9.1 to 19.5 per cent and manufactured fuels of volatile content near or less than the lower limit of this range. Consequently, the assumption is sometimes made that, in order to be smokeless, coal products must have their volatile content reduced to less than 20 per cent.
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References
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ADAMS, W., GAINES, A., GREGORY, D. et al. Smoke Emission of Low-Temperature Chars. Nature 183, 33 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1038/183033a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/183033a0
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