Despite their unseemly bulk, elephants can hit high speeds — but use an unusual style.
Abstract
It is generally thought that elephants do not run1,2,3,4,5, but there is confusion about how fast they can move across open terrain and what gait they use at top speed. Here we use video analysis to show that Asian elephants (Elephas maximus L.) can move at surprisingly high speeds of up to 6.8 m s−1 (25 km h−1) and that, although their gait might seem to be a walk even at this speed, some features of their locomotion conform to definitions of running.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Howell, A. B. Speed in Animals (Chicago Univ. Press, 1944).
Muybridge, E. Animals in Motion (Dover, New York, 1957).
Gambaryan, P. P. How Mammals Run (Wiley, New York, 1974).
Alexander, R. McN. et al. J. Zool. Lond. 189, 135–144 (1979).
Hildebrand, M. Am. Zool. 20, 255–267 (1980).
Alexander, R. McN. & Jayes, A. S. J. Zool. Lond. 201, 135–152 (1983).
Farley, C. T. & Taylor, C. R. Science 253, 306–308 (1991).
Gatesy, S. M. J. Morphol. 240, 115–125 (1999).
Dickinson, M. H. et al. Science 288, 100–106 (2000).
Cavagna, G. A. et al. in Scale Effects in Animal Locomotion (ed. Pedley, T. J.) 111–125 (Academic, New York, 1977).
Heglund, N. C., Cavagna, G. A. & Taylor, C. R. J. Exp. Biol. 97, 41–56 (1982).
McMahon, T. A. et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 62, 2326–2337 (1987).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hutchinson, J., Famini, D., Lair, R. et al. Are fast-moving elephants really running?. Nature 422, 493–494 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/422493a
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/422493a
This article is cited by
-
Coupling length: a generalized gleno-acetabular distance measurement for interpreting the size and gait of quadrupedal trackmakers
Swiss Journal of Geosciences (2022)
-
Elephant movement closely tracks precipitation-driven vegetation dynamics in a Kenyan forest-savanna landscape
Movement Ecology (2014)
-
Elephants run in slow motion
Nature (2007)
-
Research highlights
Nature (2007)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.