Abstract
The association between genetic variation at 14 enzyme loci and developmental rate was examined in six strains of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). The purpose of this study was to test the prediction that heterozygotes develop faster than homozygotes. We also tested whether the enzyme loci could be responsible for such an association or are marking chromosomal segments that influence developmental rate. There is a significant negative association (P<0ยท05) between hatching time and the number of heterozygous loci per fish in one of six strains. Heterozygotes developed faster than homozygotes at 26 out of 43 possible comparisons made at individual loci within strains. Heterozygotes developed significantly faster than homozygotes in eight comparisons, and significantly slower in six comparisons. These results suggest a weak positive association between developmental rate and heterozygosity. Nine loci were polymorphic in more than one strain. At five of these loci the hatching distributions of heterozygotes and homozygotes are significantly different among strains. The direction of the relationship between heterozygosity and developmental rate at individual loci is not consistent among strains. Therefore, our results suggest that the loci surveyed are marking chromosomal segments that influence developmental rate. Linkage disequilibrium between alleles at the isozyme loci and dominant-acting genes that accelerate or retard developmental rate is hypothesised to account for the observed relationship between heterozygosity and developmental rate.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
Allendorf, F W, Knudsen, K L, and Leary, R F. 1983. Adaptive significance of differences in the tissue-specific expression of a phosphoglucomutase gene in rainbow trout. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 80, 1397โ1400.
Allendorf, F W, Mitchell, N, Ryman, N, and Stรฅhl, G. 1977. Isozyme loci in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.): detection and interpretation from population data. Hereditas, 86, 179โ190.
Allendorf, F W, and Utter, F M. 1979. Population genetics Fish. In Hoar, W. S., Randall, D. J. and Brett, J. R. (eds) Fish Physiology, vol. 8, Academic Press, New York, p. 407โ454.
Boulekbache, H. 1981. Energy metabolism in fish development. Amer Zool, 21, 377โ389.
Busack, C A, and Gall, G A E. 1980. Ancestry of artificially propagated California rainbow trout strains. Calif Fish and Game, 66, 17โ24.
Danzmann, R G, Ferguson, M M, Allendorf, F W, and Knudsen, K L. (1986). Heterozygosity and developmental rate in a strain of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Evolution 40, 86โ93.
Dawson, D M, and Mitchell, R. 1969. The isoenzymes of phosphoglucomutase. Biochemistry, 8, 609โ614.
DiMichele, L, and Powers, D A. 1982. LDH-B genotype specific hatching times of Fundulus heteroclitus embryos. Nature, 196, 563โ564.
DiMichele, L, and Powers, D A. 1984. Developmental and oxygen consumption rate differences between lactate dehydrogenase-B genotypes of Fundulus heteroclitus and their effect on hatching time. Physiol Zool, 57, 52โ56.
Gall, G A E, and Gross, S J. 1978. A genetic analysis of the performance of three rainbow trout broodstocks. Aquaculture, 15, 113โ127.
Leary, R F, Allendorf, F W, and Knusden, K L. 1983. Developmental stability and enzyme heterozygosity in rainbow trout. Nature, 301, 71โ72.
Leary, R F, Allendorf, F W, and Knudsen, K L. 1984. Superior developmental stability of heterozygotes at enzyme loci in salmonid fishes. Amer Natur, 124, 540โ551.
Lerner, I M. 1954. Genetic homeostasis. Dover Publications, New York.
Sokal, R R, and Rohlf, J F. 1981. Biometry, Second Edition. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco.
Utter, F M, Hodgins, H O, and Allendorf, F W. 1974. Biochemical genetic study of fishes: potentialities and limitations, In Malins, D. C. and Sargent, J. R. (eds) Biochemical and biophysical perpsecitves in marine biology, Vol. 1, pgs. 213โ238. Academic Press, New York.
Van Velson, R C. 1978. The McConaughy rainbow: Life history and a management plan for the North Platte river valley. Nebraska Tech Ser, 2, Nebraska Game and Parks Comm.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Danzmann, R., Ferguson, M. & Allendorf, F. Does enzyme heterozygosity influence developmental rate in rainbow trout?. Heredity 56, 417โ425 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1986.64
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1986.64
This article is cited by
-
Family heterozygosity and progeny body length in pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum)
Heredity (1995)
-
Enzyme heterozygosity and growth in rainbow trout: genetic and physiological explanations
Heredity (1992)
-
Disease resistance and enzyme heterozygosity in rainbow trout
Heredity (1990)
-
Developmental rates of heterozygous and homozygous rainbow trout reared at three temperatures
Biochemical Genetics (1988)