Abstract
Objective:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate recent trends in prevalence of gastroschisis among infants admitted for neonatal intensive care in the United States.
Study Design:
Retrospective review of a de-identified patient data. The current study extends our observations through the end of 2007 to 2015.
Results:
During the study period (1 January 1997 to 12 December 2015), there were 1 158 755 total discharges; 6023 (5.2/1000) had gastroschisis and 1885 (1.6/1000) had an omphalocele. Between 1997 and 2008, the reported rate of gastroschisis increased from 2.9 to 6.4/1000 discharges. From 2008 to 2011, the values have slowly decreased from 6.4 to 4.7/1000 discharges and since 2011 have been stable. The largest drop in the prevalence was in mothers who were <20 years old. In contrast, the reported rate of omphalocele was stable at 1 to 2/1000 discharges.
Conclusion:
The prevalence of gastroschisis increased from 1997 to 2008, and then declined thereafter.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdelhafeez AH, Schultz JA, Ertl A, Cassidy LD, Wagner AJ . The risk of volvulus in abdominal wall defects. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50: 570–572.
Barrett MJ, Kozdoba O, Al AN, Gillick J, Mortell A, Foran A . The national incidence and outcomes of gastroschisis repairs. Ir Med J 2014; 107: 83–85.
Lakshminarayanan B, Lakhoo K . Abdominal wall defects. Early Hum Dev 2014; 90: 917–920.
Bradnock TJ, Marven S, Owen A, Johnson P, Kurinczuk JJ, Spark P et al. Gastroschisis: one year outcomes from national cohort study. BMJ 2011; 343: d6749.
Youssef F, Cheong LH, Emil S . Gastroschisis outcomes in North America: a comparison of Canada and the United States. J Pediatr Surg 2016; pii: S0022-3468(16)00134-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.02.046 (e-pub ahead of print).
Shetty S, Kennea N, Desai P, Giuliani S, Richards J . Length of stay and cost analysis of neonates undergoing surgery at a tertiary neonatal unit in England. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2016; 98: 56–60.
Hook-Dufresne DM, Yu X, Bandla V, Imseis E, Moore-Olufemi SD . The economic burden of gastroschisis: costs of a birth defect. J Surg Res 2015; 195: 16–20.
Castilla EE, Mastroiacovo P, Orioli IM . Gastroschisis: international epidemiology and public health perspectives. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2008; 148C: 162–179.
Feldkamp ML, Reefhuis J, Kucik J, Krikov S, Wilson A, Moore CA et al. Case-control study of self reported genitourinary infections and risk of gastroschisis: findings from the national birth defects prevention study, 1997-2003. BMJ 2008; 336: 1420–1423.
Vu LT, Nobuhara KK, Laurent C, Shaw GM . Increasing prevalence of gastroschisis: population-based study in California. J Pediatr 2008; 152: 807–811.
Abdullah F, Arnold MA, Nabaweesi R, Fischer AC, Colombani PM, Anderson KD et al. Gastroschisis in the United States 1988-2003: analysis and risk categorization of 4344 patients. J Perinatol 2007; 27: 50–55.
Alvarez SM, Burd RS . Increasing prevalence of gastroschisis repairs in the United States: 1996-2003. J Pediatr Surg 2007; 42: 943–946.
Loane M, Dolk H, Bradbury I . Increasing prevalence of gastroschisis in Europe 1980-2002: a phenomenon restricted to younger mothers? Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2007; 21: 363–369.
Suellentrop K, Morrow B, Williams L, D'Angelo D . Monitoring progress toward achieving Maternal and Infant Healthy People 2010 objectives–19 states, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2000-2003. MMWR Surveill Summ 2006; 55: 1–11.
Emusu D, Salihu HM, Aliyu ZY, Pierre-Louis BJ, Druschel CM, Kirby RS . Gastroschisis, low maternal age, and fetal morbidity outcomes. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2005; 73: 649–654.
Hougland KT, Hanna AM, Meyers R, Null D . Increasing prevalence of gastroschisis in Utah. J Pediatr Surg 2005; 40: 535–540.
Williams LJ, Kucik JE, Alverson CJ, Olney RS, Correa A . Epidemiology of gastroschisis in metropolitan Atlanta, 1968 through 2000. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2005; 73: 177–183.
Kazaura MR, Lie RT, Irgens LM, Didriksen A, Kapstad M, Egenaes J et al. Increasing risk of gastroschisis in Norway: an age-period-cohort analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2004; 159: 358–363.
McDonnell R, Delany V, Dack P, Johnson H . Changing trend in congenital abdominal wall defects in eastern region of Ireland. Ir Med J 2002; 95, 236, 238.
Suita S, Okamatsu T, Yamamoto T, Handa N, Nirasawa Y, Watanabe Y et al. Changing profile of abdominal wall defects in Japan: results of a national survey. J Pediatr Surg 2000; 35: 66–71.
Rankin J, Dillon E, Wright C . Congenital anterior abdominal wall defects in the north of England, 1986-1996: occurrence and outcome. Prenat Diagn 1999; 19: 662–668.
Jones AM, Isenburg J, Salemi JL, Arnold KE, Mai CT, Aggarwal D et al. Increasing prevalence of gastroschisis - 14 states, 1995-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: 23–26.
Romero L, Pazol K, Warner L, Cox S, Kroelinger C, Besera G et al. Reduced disparities in birth rates among teens aged 15-19 years - united states, 2006-2007 and 2013-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: 409–414.
Clark RH, Walker MW, Gauderer MW . Prevalence of gastroschisis and associated hospital time continue to rise in neonates who are admitted for intensive care. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44: 1108–1112.
Clark RH, Walker MW, Gauderer MW . Factors associated with mortality in neonates with gastroschisis. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2011; 21: 21–24.
Laughon M, Meyer R, Bose C, Wall A, Otero E, Heerens A et al. Rising birth prevalence of gastroschisis. J Perinatol 2003; 23: 291–293.
Ellsbury DL, Clark RH, Ursprung R, Handler DL, Dodd ED, Spitzer AR . A multifaceted approach to improving outcomes in the NICU: the pediatrix 100 000 babies campaign. Pediatrics 2016; 137: e20150389.
Tolia VN, Patrick SW, Bennett MM, Murthy K, Sousa J, Smith PB et al. Increasing incidence of the neonatal abstinence syndrome in U.S. neonatal ICUs. N Engl J Med 2015; 372: 2118–2126.
Olsen IE, Groveman SA, Lawson ML, Clark RH, Zemel BS . New intrauterine growth curves based on United States data. Pediatrics 2010; 125: e214–e224.
Yazdy MM, Werler MM, Feldkamp ML, Shaw GM, Mosley BS, Vieira VM . Spatial analysis of gastroschisis in the national birth defects prevention study. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2015; 103: 544–553.
Keys C, Drewett M, Burge DM . Gastroschisis: the cost of an epidemic. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 43: 654–657.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hospital stays, hospital charges, and in-hospital deaths among infants with selected birth defects–United States, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007; 56: 25–29.
Carnaghan H, Pereira S, James CP, Charlesworth PB, Ghionzoli M, Mohamed E et al. Is early delivery beneficial in gastroschisis? J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49: 928–933.
Overcash RT, DeUgarte DA, Stephenson ML, Gutkin RM, Norton ME, Parmar S et al. Factors associated with gastroschisis outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 2014; 124: 551–557.
Carnaghan H, Baud D, Lapidus-Krol E, Ryan G, Shah PS, Pierro A et al. Effect of gestational age at birth on neonatal outcomes in gastroschisis. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51: 734–738.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Pediatrix Medical Group. No outside honorarium, grant or other form of payment was given to anyone to produce the manuscript.
Author contributions
RA contributed to the conception and design of the study. The paper from first to final draft was written and edited by RA with the help of his co-authors who offered suggestions for improvement. He approved the final manuscript as submitted. JS contributed to the conception and design of the study. He provided extensive editorial input to the writing of the paper and approved the final manuscript as submitted. MML contributed to the conception and design of the study. MML provided extensive editorial input to the writing of the paper and approved the final manuscript as submitted. MWW contributed to the conception and design of the study. MWW provided extensive editorial input to the writing of the paper and approved the final manuscript as submitted. ARS contributed to the conception and design of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, critical revisions for important intellectual content and approved the final manuscript as submitted RHC contributed to the conception and design of the study, as well as the final approval of the version to be published. RHC provided extensive editorial input to the writing of the final paper and approved the final manuscript as submitted.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Allman, R., Sousa, J., Walker, M. et al. The epidemiology, prevalence and hospital outcomes of infants with gastroschisis. J Perinatol 36, 901–905 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2016.99
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2016.99
This article is cited by
-
Trends in prevalence and mortality of gastroschisis and omphalocele in the United States from 2010 to 2018
World Journal of Pediatrics (2022)
-
Increasing prevalence, time trend and seasonality of gastroschisis in São Paulo state, Brazil, 2005–2016
Scientific Reports (2019)