Abstract
Imaging of collectively invading cocultures of carcinoma cells and stromal fibroblasts reveals that the leading cell is always a fibroblast and that carcinoma cells move within tracks in the extracellular matrix behind the fibroblast. The generation of these tracks by fibroblasts is sufficient to enable the collective invasion of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells and requires both protease- and force-mediated matrix remodelling. Force-mediated matrix remodelling depends on integrins α3 and α5, and Rho-mediated regulation of myosin light chain (MLC) activity in fibroblasts, but these factors are not required in carcinoma cells. Instead, carcinoma cells use Cdc42 and MRCK (myotonic dystrophy kinase-related CDC42-binding protein kinases) mediated regulation of MLC to follow the tracks generated by fibroblasts.
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Acknowledgements
We thank A. Weston, P. Jordan and G. Elia for invaluable technical assistance. This work was funded by Cancer Research UK, C.G. received additional funds from Bettencourt Schueller Fondation and C.H.C. is funded by an EMBO long-term fellowship.
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C.G. generated the majority of the data, S.H. generated data in figs 3, 4 and S1, S3 and S4. C.H.C. generated the data in fig. S6. R.G. provided reagents. J.F.M. provided technical assistance. K.H. provided clinical material for fig. S6 and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. E.S. generated data in figs 3 and 5 and provided intellectual input.
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Supplementary figures S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, movie legends and Table 1 (PDF 866 kb)
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Supplementary Movie 3 (AVI 568 kb)
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Gaggioli, C., Hooper, S., Hidalgo-Carcedo, C. et al. Fibroblast-led collective invasion of carcinoma cells with differing roles for RhoGTPases in leading and following cells. Nat Cell Biol 9, 1392–1400 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1658
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1658
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