Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) shape innate and adaptive immunity to microorganisms. The enzyme IRAK1 transduces signals from TLRs, but mechanisms for its activation and regulation remain unknown. We found here that TLR7 and TLR9 activated the isomerase Pin1, which then bound to IRAK1; this resulted in activation of IRAK1 and facilitated its release from the receptor complex to activate the transcription factor IRF7 and induce type I interferons. Consequently, Pin1-deficient cells and mice failed to mount TLR-mediated, interferon-dependent innate and adaptive immune responses. Given the critical role of aberrant activation of IRAK1 and type I interferons in various immune diseases, controlling IRAK1 activation via inhibition of Pin1 may represent a useful therapeutic approach.
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Acknowledgements
We thank L. Cantley, T. Hunter, H. Wu and S. Lin for advice and critical reading of the manuscript; L. Brossay (Brown University) and J.D. Hamilton (Duke University Medical Center) for MCMV-GFP; R. Welsh (University of Massachusetts) for H1N1 virus; and S. Whelan (Harvard Medical School) for VSV-GFP. Supported by the Swiss Foundation for Grants in Biology and Medicine (A.T.K.), the US National Institutes of Health (AG029385 to L.K.N. and K.P.L.; DK066917 to M.A.E.; and GM058556), the American Asthma Foundation (K.P.L.) and the Alliance for Lupus Research (K.P.L.).
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A.T.K. and G.F. designed and did the experiments and wrote the manuscript; A.G. did nuclear magnetic resonance experiments; M.N. and T.H.L. provided technical assistance; J.M.A. did mass spectrometry analysis; K.F., X.L., G.C.T., M.E. and E.I. provided reagents and technical expertise; and L.K.N. and K.P.L. designed the experiments, supervised the project and wrote the manuscript.
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Tun-Kyi, A., Finn, G., Greenwood, A. et al. Essential role for the prolyl isomerase Pin1 in Toll-like receptor signaling and type I interferon–mediated immunity. Nat Immunol 12, 733–741 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2069
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2069
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