Abstract
Implanting electrical devices in the nervous system to treat neural diseases is becoming very common. The success of these brain–machine interfaces depends on the electrodes that come into contact with the neural tissue. Here we show that conventional tungsten and stainless steel wire electrodes can be coated with carbon nanotubes using electrochemical techniques under ambient conditions. The carbon nanotube coating enhanced both recording and electrical stimulation of neurons in culture, rats and monkeys by decreasing the electrode impedance and increasing charge transfer. Carbon nanotube-coated electrodes are expected to improve current electrophysiological techniques and to facilitate the development of long-lasting brain–machine interface devices.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank L. Howard and M. Gosney of the SMU Department of Electrical Engineering for providing the custom designed MOSFET pre-amplifiers used in electrical stimulation experiments. We wish to thank H. Wiggins and C. Patten of Plexon for their rapid response to requests for electrophysiological equipment modifications.
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E.W.K. conceived, designed and performed experiments, and wrote paper. B.R.B. and M.I.R. assisted with rodent experiments. A.F.R. provided monkey data. E.W.K. and G.W.G. developed coating techniques.
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Keefer, E., Botterman, B., Romero, M. et al. Carbon nanotube coating improves neuronal recordings. Nature Nanotech 3, 434–439 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2008.174
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2008.174
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