Abstract
Evanescent light excitation is widely used in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to confine light and reduce background noise. Here, we propose a method of exploiting evanescent light in the context of emission. When a fluorophore is located in close proximity to a medium with a higher refractive index, its near-field component is converted into light that propagates beyond the critical angle. This so-called supercritical-angle fluorescence can be captured using a high-numerical-aperture objective and used to determine the axial position of the fluorophore with nanometre precision. We introduce a new technique for three-dimensional nanoscopy that combines direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with dedicated detection of supercritical-angle fluorescence emission. We demonstrate that our approach of direct optical nanoscopy with axially localized detection (DONALD) typically yields an isotropic three-dimensional localization precision of 20 nm within an axial range of ∼150 nm above the coverslip.
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Change history
15 October 2015
The authors wish to acknowledge a highly relevant manuscript that was published during the reviewing process of this Article, which should have been cited: Deschamps, J., Mund, M., & Ries, J. 3D superresolution microscopy by supercritical angle detection. Opt. Express 22, 29081–29091 (2014). The manuscript reports interesting use of 3D DNA-PAINT origami as a ruler for super-resolution imaging.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank J. Dompierre for help with immunofluorescence and P. Adenot for providing CellMask Deep Red stain. The authors acknowledge financial support from the AXA Research Fund, Labex WIFI, the French National Research Agency (project SMARTVIEW) and DIM Nano-K (Project NanoSAF).
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N.B., G.D., E.F. and S.L.F. conceived and designed the project. N.B. performed the experiments, simulations and analysis. C.M. and N.B. developed the photoswitching buffer. C.M., N.B. and S.L. optimized the immunofluorescence protocol. T.B. and P.B. helped with the simulation and the DONALD module. All authors contributed to writing the manuscript.
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Bourg, N., Mayet, C., Dupuis, G. et al. Direct optical nanoscopy with axially localized detection. Nature Photon 9, 587–593 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.132
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.132
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