In patients on hemodialysis with a history of failure to respond to hepatitis B vaccination, intradermal revaccination is more effective than repeat intramuscular vaccination. Intradermal vaccine administration might become the standard of care for high-risk patients.
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Levin, A. Intradermal HBV vaccination is preferable in non-responders. Nat Rev Nephrol 5, 616–617 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2009.166
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2009.166