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Personal exposure to PM2.5 oxidative potential and its association to birth outcomes

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology volume 33, pages 416–426 (2023)Cite this article

Abstract

Background

Prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) assessed through its mass concentration has been associated with foetal growth restriction in studies based on outdoor levels. Oxidative potential of PM2.5 (OP) is an emerging metric a priori relevant to mechanisms of action of PM on health, with very limited evidence to indicate its role on birth outcomes.

Objectives

We investigated the association of OP with birth outcomes and compared it with that of PM2.5 mass concentration.

Methods

405 pregnant women from SEPAGES cohort (Grenoble area) carried PM2.5 personal dosimeters for one or two one-week periods. OP was measured using dithiothreitol (DTT) and ascorbic acid (AA) assays from the collected filters. Associations of each exposure metric with offspring weight, height, and head circumference at birth were estimated adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

The correlation between PM2.5 mass concentration and \(OP_v^{DTT}\) was 0.7. An interquartile range increase in .. was associated with reduced weight (adjusted change, −64 g, −166 to −11, p = 0.02) and height (−4 mm, −6 to −1, p = 0.01) at birth. PM2.5 mass concentration showed similar associations with weight (−53 g, −99 to −8, p = 0.02) and height (−2 mm, −5 to 0, p = 0.05). In birth height models mutually adjusted for the two exposure metrics, the association with \(OP_v^{DTT}\) was less attenuated than that with mass concentration, while for weight both effect sizes attenuated similarly. There was no clear evidence of associations with head circumference for any metric, nor for \(OP_v^{AA}\) with any growth parameter.

Impact

PM2.5 pregnancy exposure assessed from personal dosimeters was associated with altered foetal growth. Personal OP exposure was associated with foetal growth restrictions, specifically decreased weight and height at birth, possibly to a larger extent than PM2.5 mass concentration alone. These results support OP assessed from DTT as being a health-relevant metric. Larger scale cohort studies are recommended to support our findings.

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Fig. 1: Flow chart for the study selection process.
Fig. 2: Causal diagram summarizing the hypothesized associations of oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 to foetal growth and other factors possibly acting as confounders in an epidemiologic study of air pollution effects on foetal growth restrictions.
Fig. 3: Map of Europe (left) and the cohort study area (right) with average personal PM2.5 mass concentration (µg/m3) corresponding to the volunteers’ home address.
Fig. 4: Overview of measured personal exposures.

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Data availability

The readers may contact the corresponding authors for data requests. General information on the SEPAGES cohort is made publicly available at https://cohorte-sepages.fr/en.

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Acknowledgements

The SEPAGES cohort study group includes: E. Eyriey, A. Licinia, A. Vellement (Groupe Hospitalier Mutualiste, Grenoble), I. Pin, P. Hofmann, E. Hullo, C. Llerena (Grenoble University Hospital, La Tronche), X. Morin (Clinique des Cèdres, Echirolles), A. Morlot (Clinique Belledonne, Saint-Martin d’Hères), J. Lepeule, S. Lyon-Caen, C. Philippat, J. Quentin, V. Siroux, R. Slama (Inserm, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes IAB research center). We thank Mrs. A. Benlakhryfa, Mrs. L. Borges, Mr. Y. Gioria, clinical research assistants; Mrs. J. Giraud, Mrs. M. Marceau, Mrs. M-P. Martin, nurses; Mrs. E. Charvet, Mrs A. Putod, midwives; Mrs. M. Graca, Mrs. K.Gridel, Mrs. C. Pelini, Mrs Maïlys Barbagallo fieldworkers; Mrs. A.Bossant, K. Guichardet, J-T Iltis A. Levanic, C. Martel, E. Quinteiro, S.Raffin neuropsychologists; the staff from Grenoble Center for Clinical Investigation (CIC): Prof. J.-L. Cracowski, Dr. C. Cracowski, Dr. E. Hodaj, Mrs. D. Abry, Mr. N. Gonnet and Mrs. A. Tournier. A warm thank you also to Dr. M. Althuser, Mr. S. Althuser, Dr. F. Camus-Chauvet, Mr. P. Dusonchet, Mrs. S. Dusonchet, Dr. L. Emery, Mrs. P.Fabbrizio, Prof. P. Hoffmann, Dr. D. Marchal André, Dr. X. Morin, Dr. E.Opoix, Dr. L. Pacteau, Dr. P. Rivoire, Mrs. A. Royannais, Dr. C.Tomasella, Dr. T. Tomasella, Dr. D. Tournadre, Mr. P. Viossat, Mrs. E.Volpi, Mrs. S. Rey, Dr. E. Warembourg and clinicians from Grenoble University Hospital for their support in the recruitment of the study volunteers. We also thank Mrs. A. Buchet, Mrs. SF. Caraby, Dr. J-N.Canonica, Mrs. J. Dujourdil, Dr. E. Eyriey, Prof. P. Hoffmann, Mrs. M.Jeannin, Mrs. A. Licina, Dr. X. Morin, Mrs. A. Nicolas, and all midwives from the four maternity wards of Grenoble urban areas. SEPAGES data are stored thanks to Inserm RE-CO-NAI platform funded by Commissariat Général à l’Investissement, with the implication of Sophiede Visme (Inserm DSI). Many thanks to Dr. M.A. Charles, RE-CO-NAI coordinator, for her support. Finally, and importantly, we would like to express our sincere thanks to participants of the SEPAGES study. The SEPAGES cohort was supported by the European Research Council (N°311765-E-DOHaD), the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-206 - N°308333-892 HELIX), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (N° 874583 ATHLETE Project, N°825712 OBERON Project), the French Research Agency - ANR (PAPER project ANR-12-PDOC-0029-01, SHALCOH project ANR-14-CE21-0007, ANR-15-IDEX-02 and ANR-15-IDEX5, GUMME project ANR-18-CE36-005, ETAPE project ANR - EDeN project ANR -19-CE36-0003-01), the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety - ANSES (CNAP project EST-2016-121, PENDORE project EST-2016-121, HyPAxE project EST-2019/1/039), the Plan Cancer (Canc’Air project), the French Cancer Research Foundation Association de Recherche sur le Cancer – ARC, the French Endowment Fund AGIR for chronic diseases – APMC (projects PRENAPAR and LCI-FOT), the French Endowment Fund for Respiratory Health, the French Fund – Fondation de France (CLIMATHES – 00081169, SEPAGES 5 - 00099903).We acknowledge the support of ANSES, Inserm and AGIR pour les maladies chroniques, for SEPAGES feasibility study. The support of “SCUSI 2017” Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes programme is also acknowledged. OP analysis were supported by the MobilAir program (ANR-15-IDEX-02) and ANR Get OP Stand OP program (ANR-19-CE34-0002-01), and were analyzed at the Air-O-Sol facility at IGE, made possible with the funding of some laboratory equipment by the Labex OSUG@2020 (ANR10 LABX56). The postdoc of Lucille Joanna Borlaza is funded by the Predict’air project (grant Fondation UGA-UGA 2022-16 and grant PR-PRE-2021 FUGA-Fondation Air Liquide).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France

    Lucille Joanna S. Borlaza, Gaëlle Uzu, Anouk Marsal, Samuël Weber & Jean-Luc Jaffrezo

  2. University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France

    Marion Ouidir, Sarah Lyon-Caen, Valérie Siroux, Johanna Lepeule, Anne Boudier, Rémy Slama, S. Lyon-Caen, V. Siroux, J. Lepeule, C. Philippat & R. Slama

  3. Pediatrics, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France

    Anne Boudier

  4. Pediatrics, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France

    P. Hofmann, E. Hullo, C. Llerena, J. Quentin & I. Pin

  5. Groupe Hospitalier Mutualiste de Grenoble, Grenoble, France

    E. Eyriey, A. Licinia & A. Vellement

  6. Clinique des Cèdres, Echirolles, France

    X. Morin

  7. Clinique Belledonne, Saint-Martin d’Hères, France

    A. Morlot

Authors
  1. Lucille Joanna S. Borlaza
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  2. Gaëlle Uzu
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  3. Marion Ouidir
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  4. Sarah Lyon-Caen
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Consortia

the SEPAGES cohort study group

  • S. Lyon-Caen
  • , V. Siroux
  • , J. Lepeule
  • , C. Philippat
  • , R. Slama
  • , P. Hofmann
  • , E. Hullo
  • , C. Llerena
  • , J. Quentin
  • , I. Pin
  • , E. Eyriey
  • , A. Licinia
  • , A. Vellement
  • , X. Morin
  •  & A. Morlot

Contributions

GU, JLJ, and RS designed the study and the statistical analysis protocol. GU developed the OP assays for the group. LJSB, AM, and SW processed the data. SLC, JL, and AB handled all data management of the SEPAGES cohort. LJSB wrote the paper. GU, JLJ, and RS revised the original draft. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Gaëlle Uzu or Rémy Slama.

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Borlaza, L.J.S., Uzu, G., Ouidir, M. et al. Personal exposure to PM2.5 oxidative potential and its association to birth outcomes. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 33, 416–426 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-022-00487-w

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