Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

The impact of a Donor Human Milk Program on the provision of mothers’ own milk at discharge in very low birth weight infants

Abstract

Objective

Examine the effect of a donor human milk (DHM) program on mothers’ own milk feedings at discharge for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Study design

A single center retrospective analysis of feeding outcomes in preterm infants. Data were assigned as: (1) pre DHM era (2) Bridge DHM era (3) Full DHM era. Each era was divided into infants <1500 g (n = 724) or ≥1500 g (n = 784).

Results

Both the percentage of mothers’ own milk feeds and percent of infants exclusively receiving mothers’ own milk at discharge were increased in the <1500 g (p = 0.003, p = 0.002) and the ≥1500 g group (p = 0.007, p = 0.004) respectively, following the introduction of DHM for VLBW infants.

Conclusion

Practice changes that accompany a donor milk program likely play a prominent role in the provision of mothers’ own milk and exclusivity of breast milk feedings at discharge for very low birth weight infants.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1: Methodology of study and contemporaneous group selection.
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available through a repository but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request and may require institutional data agreements.

References

  1. Lechner BE, Vohr BR. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants fed human milk. Clin Perinatol. 2017;44:69–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2016.11.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Miller J, Tonkin E, Damarell RA, McPhee AJ, Suganuma M, Suganuma H, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of human milk feeding and morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Nutrients. 2018;10:707. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060707

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Quigley M, Embleton ND, McGuire W. Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;7:CD002971. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002971.pub5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. American Academy of Pediatrics. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2012;129:e827–41. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. de Halleux V, Pieltain C, Senterre T, Rigo J. Use of donor milk in the neonatal intensive care unit. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;22:23–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2016.08.003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Meier P, Patel A, Esquerra-Zwiers A. Donor human milk update: evidence, mechanisms, and priorities for research and practice. J Pediatr. 2017;180:15–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.09.027

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Williams T, Nair H, Simpson J, Embleton N. Use of donor human milk and maternal breastfeeding rates: a systematic review. J Hum Lact. 2016;32:212–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334416632203

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Tshamala D, Pelecanos A, Davies MW. Factors associated with infants receiving their mother’s own breast milk on discharge from hospital in a unit where pasteurized donor human milk is available. J Paediatr Child Health. 2018;54:1016–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.14062

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Parker LA, Cacho N, Engelmann C, Benedict J, Wymer S, Michael W, et al. Consumption of mother’s own milk by infants born extremely preterm following implementation of a donor human milk program: a retrospective cohort study. J Pediatr. 2019;211:33–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.03.040

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Perrin M. Donor human milk and fortifier use in united states level 2, 3, and 4 neonatal care hospitals. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018;66:664–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000001790

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Parker MGK, Barrero-Castillero A, Corwin BK, Kavanagh PL, Belfort MB, Wang CJ. Pasteurized Human Donor Milk Use among US Level 3 NICUs. J Hum Lact. 2013;29:381–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334413492909

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hagadorn JI, Brownell EA, Lussier MM, Parker MGK, Herson VC. Variability of criteria for pasteurized donor human milk use: a survey of U.S. neonatal intensive care unit medical directors. JPEN J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2016;40:326–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607114550832

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Parker MGK, Burnham L, Mao W, Philipp BL, Merewood A. Implementation of a donor milk program is associated with greater consumption of mothers’ own milk among VLBW infants in a US, level 3 NICU. J Hum Lact. 2016;32:221–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334415598305

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Torres MIU, Lopez CM, Roman SV, Diaz CA, Cruz-Rojo J, Cooke EF, et al. Does opening a milk bank in a neonatal unit change infant feeding practices, a before and after study. Int Breastfeed J. 2010;5:4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4358-5-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Verd S, Porta R, Botet F, Gutierrez A, Ginovart G, Herranz Barbero A, et al. Hospital outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants after introduction of Donor milk to supplement mothers’ milk. Breastfeed Med. 2015;10:150–5. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2014.0138

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Wilson E, Edstedt Bonamy AK, Bonet M, Toome L, Rodrigues C, Howell EA, et al. EPICE Research Group. Room for improvement in breast milk feeding after very preterm birth in Europe: Results from the EPICE cohort. Matern Child Nutr. 2018;14:e12485 https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Arslanoglu S, Moro GE, Bellù R, Turoli D, De Nisi G, Tonetto P, et al. Presence of human milk bank is associated with elevated rate of exclusive breastfeeding in VLBW infants. J Perinat Med. 2013;41:129–31. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2012-0196

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Jones KM, Power ML, Queenan JT, Schulkin J. Racial and ethnic disparities in breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med. 2015;10:186–96. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2014.0152

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Fleurant E, Schoeny M, Hoban R, Asiodu IV, Riley B, Meier PP, et al. Barriers to human milk feeding at discharge of very low birth weight infants: maternal goal setting as a key social factor. Breastfeed Med. 2017;12:20–7. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2016.0105

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Parker MG, Gupta M, Melvin P, Burnham LA, Lopera AM, Moses JM, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of mother’s milk feeding for very low birth weight infants in Massachusetts. J Pediatr. 2019;204:134–41.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.08.036

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Castellano Yanez C, Castillo Barrio B, Munoz Labian MDC, Ortiz Movilla R, Garcia Lara NR, Royuela Vicente A, et al. Providing very preterm infants with donor human milk led to faster breastfeeding rates but worse biometric gains. Acta Paediatr. 2019;108:766–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14691

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

JC, investigator, responsible for study concept, design, implementation, data analysis, and interpretation, wrote manuscript as part of a doctoral scholarly project. AB and DD, assisted with study concept, design, implementation, and manuscript editing. MG, principal investigator, provided the feeding data from the NICU Lactation registry and contributed to analysis and interpretation of data. PT contributed as doctoral committee member for the study proposal and final doctoral defense. DAB assisted with the statistical analysis.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Janette Corallo.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Corallo, J., Bieda, A., Garland, M. et al. The impact of a Donor Human Milk Program on the provision of mothers’ own milk at discharge in very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol 42, 1473–1479 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-022-01439-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-022-01439-w

Search

Quick links