Abstract
Background/objectives
Previous studies have shown that the temperament traits are related to risk factors for chronic diseases, which could be partly explained by lifestyle habits. However, little is known whether temperament traits associate with diet. The aim of this study was to examine the cross-sectional associations between temperament traits and the whole diet.
Subjects/methods
We studied 1668 men and women, aged 56−70, from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Temperament was measured using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. Information on diet was collected by a validated 128-item food frequency questionnaire. The associations of temperament traits; novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD), and persistence (P), with diet were tested by linear regression analysis.
Results
After adjustment for potential confounders, greater HA was related to poorer diet quality, including lower consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish and several vitamins. RD was associated with healthier diet quality, including higher consumption of vegetables and intake of vitamin E and lower intake of alcohol. NS was significantly related to higher intake of fish, fat and alcohol and lower consumption of cereals, milk products and carbohydrates. No significant associations between P and intake of foods and nutrients were observed.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that there is an association between temperament traits and diet. Especially greater HA seems to associate with poorer diet quality and greater RD with healthier diet quality.
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Acknowledgements
This study was funded by The Signe o. Ane Gyllenberg Foundation, The Juho Vainio Foundation, The Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, The Academy of Finland, The Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation, The Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, The Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Samfundet Folkhälsan, Liv och Hälsa and Finska Läkaresällskapet.
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Perälä, MM., Tiainen, AM., Lahti, J. et al. Food and nutrient intakes by temperament traits: findings in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 72, 1136–1141 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0229-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0229-4