Abstract
Glaciers and ice caps peripheral to the main Greenland Ice Sheet contribute markedly to sea-level rise1,2,3. Their changes and variability, however, have been difficult to quantify on multi-decadal timescales due to an absence of long-term data4. Here, using historical aerial surveys, expedition photographs, spy satellite imagery and new remote-sensing products, we map glacier length fluctuations of approximately 350 peripheral glaciers and ice caps in East and West Greenland since 1890. Peripheral glaciers are found to have recently undergone a widespread and significant retreat at rates of 12.2 m per year and 16.6 m per year in East and West Greenland, respectively; these changes are exceeded in severity only by the early twentieth century post-Little-Ice-Age retreat. Regional changes in ice volume, as reflected by glacier length, are further shown to be related to changes in precipitation associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), with a distinct east–west asymmetry; positive phases of the NAO increase accumulation, and thereby glacier growth, in the eastern periphery, whereas opposite effects are observed in the western periphery. Thus, with projected trends towards positive NAO in the future5,6, eastern peripheral glaciers may remain relatively stable, while western peripheral glaciers will continue to diminish.
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Acknowledgements
A.A.B. was supported by the Independent Research Fund Denmark (grant DFF-610800469) and VILLUM Foundation (grant 10100), and by the Inge Lehmann Scholarship from the Royal Danish Academy of Science and Letters. K.K.K was supported by Independent Research Fund Denmark (grant DFF-4090-00151).C.S.A. and N.K.L. acknowledge support from the VILLUM Foundation (grant no. 10100 and grant no. VRK023440). We are also grateful for the support from the former National Danish Survey and Cadastre, now Department of Data-supply and Efficiency, and the Norwegian Polar Institute without whose help this study could not have been realized.
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A.A.B. and K.H.K. designed the study. S.A., A.L. and A.A.B. performed the analysis of aerial photographs and satellite imagery. J.E.B., W.T.C. and K.K.K. created and analysed accumulation and temperature records. S.A.K., C.S.A., N.K.L., N.J.K., H.M., J.C. and Y.P. supplied the data for analysis in the discussion. All authors contributed to the discussion of the results and the writing of the manuscript.
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Bjørk, A.A., Aagaard, S., Lütt, A. et al. Changes in Greenland’s peripheral glaciers linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Nature Clim Change 8, 48–52 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-0029-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-0029-1
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