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Expansion of polyQ tracts is associated with neurological disorders. New data from Bjorkman and colleagues suggest that polyQ expansion (represented here as vines) generates multiple sites for normal polyQ binding proteins (leaves), which may lead to aberrant protein-protein interactions. Photo by Pingwei Li, with thanks to Dr. Sharon Banister of the Texas A&M University horticulture green house.pp 381-387
Scientists have a crucial role in educating the public about the importance of science if we are to have any hope of facilitating future innovation. A few notable scientists have taken this duty to heart, altering their career tracks to promote science and education.
Glutamate transporters in neuronal membranes are also known to catalyze a 'leak' of chloride ions, for unknown biological purposes. Now a glutamate transporter homolog from evolutionarily distant microorganisms has been shown to contain a similar chloride leak.
Proper establishment, maintenance and removal of covalent post-translational modifications on histones are essential for normal cell physiology. In this issue, Nicolas et al. describe the characterization of two physically and functionally distinct Clr6 (Rpd3)-containing histone deacetylase complexes in fission yeast and implicate their activity in a number of processes, including transcriptional regulation, silencing and genomic integrity.
The yeast proteins Sro7 and Sro77, and their metazoan relatives Lgl and tomosyn, interact with plasma membrane SNARE proteins and control cell polarity. Recently, the crystal structure of yeast Sro7 has been solved, yielding fascinating insights and even more unanswered questions concerning the molecular mechanism of these proteins.
A recent report looks at a 'clock in a test tube' composed of the cyanobacterial proteins KaiA, KaiB and KaiC, revealing that these dancing proteins swap partners to keep track of time.