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| Open AccessResolved magnetohydrodynamic wave lensing in the solar corona
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves observed on the Sun help understanding solar plasma and involved processes. Here, the authors show resolved MHD waves in the solar corona displaying MHD lensing effect.
- Xinping Zhou
- , Yuandeng Shen
- & Chengrui Zhou
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| Open AccessExtending carbon chemistry at high-pressure by synthesis of CaC2 and Ca3C7 with deprotonated polyacene- and para-poly(indenoindene)-like nanoribbons
The authors demonstrate that carbides with infinite chains of fused [C6] and [C5] rings are synthesized at deep planetary pressures and temperatures. Hydrolysis of these carbides may lead to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Universe.
- Saiana Khandarkhaeva
- , Timofey Fedotenko
- & Leonid Dubrovinsky
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| Open AccessDirect imaging of magnetohydrodynamic wave mode conversion near a 3D null point on the sun
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave mode conversion can occur when an MHD wave passes through a region where the plasma properties change. Here, the authors show direct observation of mode conversion from a fast-mode to a slow mode MHD wave near a 3D null point in the solar corona, which was as predicted by theory and MHD simulations.
- Pankaj Kumar
- , Valery M. Nakariakov
- & Kyung-Suk Cho
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| Open AccessLunar rock investigation and tri-aspect characterization of lunar farside regolith by a digital twin
Digital twins can be used to support planetary operations and analysis. Here, the authors show tri-aspect characterization of lunar far side regolith and investigate the origin of a fin-shaped rock via digital twin of Yutu-2 rover.
- Liang Ding
- , Ruyi Zhou
- & Kuan Zhang
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| Open AccessSupernova dust destruction in the magnetized turbulent ISM
The interstellar medium (ISM) is critical to galaxy evolution. Here, the authors show dust processing modelling applied to magnetohydrodynamic simulations to explicitly follow dust destruction by the combined effects of grain-grain collisions and ion-sputtering induced by a supernova blast wave in a turbulent multiphase, magnetized ISM.
- Florian Kirchschlager
- , Lars Mattsson
- & Frederick A. Gent
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| Open AccessChorus wave power at the strong diffusion limit overcomes electron losses due to strong diffusion
Strong diffusion limit is the maximum rate of electron loss into the atmosphere from Earth’s radiation belts. Here, the authors show scaling up chorus wave power to the strong diffusion limit causes rapid acceleration of electrons, sufficient to outweigh the losses due to strong diffusion.
- T. A. Daggitt
- , R. B. Horne
- & J. M. Albert
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| Open AccessContinuous ultraviolet to blue-green astrocomb
Astrocombs serve as precision calibrators for astrophysical spectrographs by providing a regular sequence of optical lines on a multi-GHz grid. Here, the authors report the first broadband astrocomb in the UV to blue-green spectral region, where stellar absorption lines are most abundant.
- Yuk Shan Cheng
- , Kamalesh Dadi
- & Derryck T. Reid
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| Open AccessSynchrotron intensity gradient revealing magnetic fields in galaxy clusters
The current understanding of the origin and properties of cluster magnetic fields is limited by observational challenges. Here, the authors show that magnetic field orientations of galaxy clusters, including radio relic and radio halos, can be derived via combination of synchrotron intensity gradient technique with radio observations.
- Yue Hu
- , C. Stuardi
- & Ka Wai Ho
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| Open AccessSearching for ultralight dark matter conversion in solar corona using Low Frequency Array data
Hypothetical dark photon (DP) dark matter (DM) and axion DM might resonantly convert into electromagnetic waves in the solar corona. Here, the authors show upper limits on the axion-photon coupling and on the kinetic mixing coupling of DPDM and photon within 30-80 MHz in the solar corona radio observations.
- Haipeng An
- , Xingyao Chen
- & Yan Luo
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| Open AccessElectron scale coherent structure as micro accelerator in the Earth’s magnetosheath
Both particle and wave energy exist in plasma and energy transfer leads to many interesting phenomena like turbulence, particle acceleration. Here the authors show electron-scale coherent structure resulting from energy transfer in magnetosheath using a model and data from Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission.
- Zi-Kang Xie
- , Qiu-Gang Zong
- & Per-Arne Lindqvist
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| Open AccessMagnetosheath jets at Jupiter and across the solar system
Jets have been found in Earth’s magnetosheath for two decades and, more recently, also in Mars. Yet, their universal existence in planetary magnetosheath remains an open question. Here, authors report the presence of anti-sunward and sunward jets at Jupiter and compare them to Earth and Mars.
- Yufei Zhou
- , Savvas Raptis
- & Lan Ma
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| Open AccessAn updated nuclear-physics and multi-messenger astrophysics framework for binary neutron star mergers
The Nuclear-physics and Multi-Messenger Astrophysics framework, NMMA, combines multiple information from neutron stars and neutron star mergers. Here, the authors show an update of the NMMA framework to constrain neutron star equation of state by simultaneously analyzing multi-messenger observations.
- Peter T. H. Pang
- , Tim Dietrich
- & Chris Van Den Broeck
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| Open AccessThe second Venus flyby of BepiColombo mission reveals stable atmosphere over decades
On its way to Mercury, BepiColombo spacecraft made two flybys of Venus. Here, the authors show spectrally resolved measurements of Venus’ atmosphere during BepiColombo’s second flyby and reveal that Venusian atmosphere has been stable since 1980s.
- Jörn Helbert
- , Rainer Haus
- & Harald Hiesinger
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| Open AccessSpectroscopy of a mesospheric ghost reveals iron emissions
Mesospheric ghosts are rare, faint, greenish transient luminous events. Here, the authors show metallic emissions revealed by the spectrum of a mesospheric ghost.
- María Passas-Varo
- , Oscar Van der Velde
- & Joan Montanyà
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| Open AccessEnergy transfer of imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence in the heliosphere
How and via which mechanism the energy transfers between scales in imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence is an open question. Here, the authors show that the energy transfer of imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence is completed by coherent interactions between Alfvén waves and co-propagating anomalous fluctuations.
- Liping Yang
- , Jiansen He
- & Ziqi Wu
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| Open AccessDouble superionicity in icy compounds at planetary interior conditions
At high pressures, water and ammonia are known to exhibit superionic states. Here it is shown that many planetary ices (H-C-N-O compounds) exhibit a superionic state, and in some cases, a doubly superionic state, in which multiple elements diffuse simultaneously.
- Kyla de Villa
- , Felipe González-Cataldo
- & Burkhard Militzer
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| Open AccessComprehensive mapping of lunar surface chemistry by adding Chang'e-5 samples with deep learning
In this study, the authors map the lunar surface chemistry. They achieve this through a combination of deep learning and actual samples from the Chinese Chang’e-5 mission.
- Chen Yang
- , Xinmei Zhang
- & Ziyuan Ouyang
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| Open AccessCosmic-void observations reconciled with primordial magnetogenesis
Gamma-ray observations indicate that cosmic voids may host magnetic fields. Here, the authors show that relics of fields from the early Universe could be consistent with these observations if their decay is mediated by magnetic reconnection and conserves the mean square fluctuation level of magnetic helicity.
- David N. Hosking
- & Alexander A. Schekochihin
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| Open AccessA new era in solar system astronomy with JWST
The exploration of our solar system is being radically changed since the beginning of operations of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in mid 2022. JWST’s extraordinary sensitivity and instrumentation allow for sensitive searches for the building blocks of life and to test for habitability, also enabling new discoveries on small bodies to giant planets across our solar system and beyond.
- G. L. Villanueva
- & S. N. Milam
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| Open AccessEvidence of an upper ionospheric electric field perturbation correlated with a gamma ray burst
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are known to have impact on Earth’s lower ionosphere, but GRB impacts on the upper ionosphere was not observed before. Here, the authors show strong electric field variation at 500 km in the ionosphere caused by GRB221009A.
- Mirko Piersanti
- , Pietro Ubertini
- & Paolo Zuccon
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| Open AccessObservational evidence of accelerating electron holes and their effects on passing ions
Electron holes with drift speeds comparable to local ion thermal velocity are called slow electron holes. Here, the authors show slow electron holes with non-zero acceleration can cause net velocity change of ions passing through.
- Yue Dong
- , Zhigang Yuan
- & J. L. Burch
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| Open AccessDirect detection of atomic oxygen on the dayside and nightside of Venus
Atomic oxygen is important for the photochemistry and energy balance of Venus’s atmosphere, but it was not directly observed on the dayside of Venus. Here, the authors show direct detection of atomic oxygen on the both dayside and nightside of Venus by measuring its ground-state transition at 4.74 THz.
- Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers
- , Heiko Richter
- & Helmut Wiesemeyer
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| Open AccessThe variable source of the plasma sheet during a geomagnetic storm
How solar wind and ionosphere contribution to the plasma in the magnetosphere during the development of geomagnetic storms changes is an open question. Here, the authors show a dynamic source change during a storm from solar wind to the ionosphere as the storm develops.
- L. M. Kistler
- , K. Asamura
- & I. Shinohara
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| Open AccessDetection of magnetospheric ion drift patterns at Mars
Mars lacks a global intrinsic magnetic field. Here, the authors show wedge-like dispersion structures of Hydrogen ions exhibiting butterfly-shaped distributions, which was previously found only in intrinsic magnetospheres.
- Chi Zhang
- , Hans Nilsson
- & Stas Barabash
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| Open AccessJupiter-like planets might be common in a low-density environment
Models predict that giant planets should easily form around solar-type stars, but most radial velocity surveys found a rather low number of them. Here, the authors show that Jupiter-like planets may be more common than previously found, at least in low density environments.
- Raffaele Gratton
- , Dino Mesa
- & Elisabetta Rigliaco
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| Open AccessSoluble organic matter Molecular atlas of Ryugu reveals cold hydrothermalism on C-type asteroid parent body
The molecular atlas of soluble organic compounds from Ryugu shows unprecedented molecular complexity and diversity resulting from alteration on a low temperature, water rich parent body.
- Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- , Norbert Hertkorn
- & Yasuhiro Oba
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| Open AccessDrifting discrete Jovian radio bursts reveal acceleration processes related to Ganymede and the main aurora
Jovian short bursts (S-bursts) are induced by the Io-Jupiter interaction. Here, the authors show a drifting radio burst detection method and report S-bursts related to Ganymede-Jupiter interaction and to Jovian aurora.
- Emilie Mauduit
- , Philippe Zarka
- & Sébastien L. G. Hess
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| Open AccessConstraints on axion-like dark matter from a SERF comagnetometer
Axions are hypothetical particles that constitute leading candidates for the identity of dark matter. Here, the authors improve previous exclusion bounds on axion-like particles in the range of 1.4–200 peV, and report direct terrestrial limits on the coupling of protons and neutrons with axion-like dark matter.
- Itay M. Bloch
- , Roy Shaham
- & Or Katz
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| Open AccessChemical evolution of primordial salts and organic sulfur molecules in the asteroid 162173 Ryugu
The asteroid Ryugu samples are by far the freshest extraterrestrial carbonaceous material. The authors report soluble ions and organic sulfur molecules linked with primordial brine and prebiotic organic evolution of the primitive asteroid.
- Toshihiro Yoshimura
- , Yoshinori Takano
- & Yuki Kimura
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| Open AccessDeciphering local and regional hydroclimate resolves contradicting evidence on the Asian monsoon evolution
Distinguishing local hydrological, cave internal, and regional monsoon signals in speleothem records resolves disagreements among proxy reconstructions and illuminates the Holocene evolution of summer and winter monsoon in Southeast Asia.
- Annabel Wolf
- , Vasile Ersek
- & Anh Duc Trinh
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| Open AccessPolarisation of decayless kink oscillations of solar coronal loops
Polarization of decayless kink oscillations of solar coronal loops provide unique information about involved excitation mechanisms and energy supply, but its detection remains elusive. Here, the authors show horizontal and weakly oblique linear polarization of such oscillations, which favors the energy supply by quasi-steady flows.
- Sihui Zhong
- , Valery M. Nakariakov
- & David Berghmans
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| Open AccessIgneous meteorites suggest Aluminium-26 heterogeneity in the early Solar Nebula
The homogeneity of Aluminium-26 (Al-26) isotope distribution in the accreting solar nebula is debated. Here, the authors show that the age determination of meteorite Erg Chech 002, compared with other igneous meteorites, indicates that Al-26 was heterogeneously distributed in the early Solar System.
- Evgenii Krestianinov
- , Yuri Amelin
- & Tommaso Di Rocco
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| Open AccessExpanding the limits of nuclear stability at finite temperature
It is interesting and important to understand how the properties of nuclei and their stability change with temperature. Here the authors report their theoretical study of hot nuclei and the drip lines that limit the nuclear existence at finite temperature.
- Ante Ravlić
- , Esra Yüksel
- & Nils Paar
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| Open AccessExcitonic insulator to superconductor phase transition in ultra-compressed helium
Solid helium is predicted to become a metal at extraordinarily high pressures of 25 TPa. Here, the authors predict that helium becomes an excitonic insulator just below the metallization pressure, and a superconductor just above the metallization pressure.
- Cong Liu
- , Ion Errea
- & Claudio Cazorla
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| Open AccessDirect evidence of substorm-related impulsive injections of electrons at Mercury
BepiColombo mission had its first Mercury flyby on 1 October 2021. Here, the authors show plasma measurements taken during this flyby, which reveals that electron injections and subsequent energy-dependent drift is a universal mechanism generating aurorae in the planetary magnetospheres.
- Sae Aizawa
- , Yuki Harada
- & Go Murakami
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| Open AccessStratospheric water vapor affecting atmospheric circulation
This study investigates the role of water in the lower-most stratosphere, affecting dynamics of the stratosphere and troposphere, and shows that common water vapor transport schemes can cause biases, present in nearly all modern climate models.
- Edward Charlesworth
- , Felix Plöger
- & Martin Riese
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| Open AccessUncovering the chiral bias of meteoritic isovaline through asymmetric photochemistry
Excess of l-amino acids in meteorites suggests an extraterrestrial origin of biomolecular homochirality, which may stem from chiral light-matter interactions. Here the authors support this hypothesis with asymmetric photolysis experiments on racemic isovaline films, showing that circularly polarized starlight can produce l-enantiomeric excesses that can be amplified during parent bodies’ alteration.
- Jana Bocková
- , Nykola C. Jones
- & Cornelia Meinert
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| Open AccessWhistler-mode chorus waves at Mars
Although whistler-mode chorus waves are common in the Earth’s and other planetary magnetospheres, the mechanism behind fast frequency chirping is debated. Here, the authors show the presence of chorus emissions at Mars, with fundamentally the same nonlinear nature as those at Earth, despite vastly different magnetic and plasma conditions.
- Shangchun Teng
- , Yifan Wu
- & Xin Tao
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| Open AccessAssessment of the technological viability of photoelectrochemical devices for oxygen and fuel production on Moon and Mars
Long-term space missions to the Moon and Mars rely on sunlight as an energy source. Here, authors assess the performance of monolithic photoelectrochemical devices for light-assisted O2 and fuel production on the Moon and Mars as potential complementary technologies to existing life support systems.
- Byron Ross
- , Sophia Haussener
- & Katharina Brinkert
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| Open AccessRyugu asteroid sample return provides a natural laboratory for primordial chemical evolution
The samples returned from near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu provide a pristine record of the 4.6 billion years since the birth of the Solar System. The Hayabusa2 initial analysis team has integrated a range of analytical techniques to investigate Ryugu’s organic chemistry. Here, we highlight their latest findings, the potential questions which may be answered, and provide an overview of new prospects in the decade to come.
- Yasuhiro Oba
- , Yoshinori Takano
- & Hiroshi Naraoka
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Comment
| Open AccessImpact observations of asteroid Dimorphos via Light Italian CubeSat for imaging of asteroids (LICIACube)
On September 26th 2022, LICIACube monitored Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission impact on asteroid Dimorphos, which is the smaller component of a binary asteroid system. These close observations revealed the impact ejecta features of the first planetary defence test with a kinetic impactor.
- Elisabetta Dotto
- & Angelo Zinzi
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Article
| Open AccessLightning at Jupiter pulsates with a similar rhythm as in-cloud lightning at Earth
Potential similarities between Jovian and Earth lightning are helpful to understand involved properties. Here, the authors show that the Jovian lightning initiation processes are similar to those of intracloud lightning at Earth.
- Ivana Kolmašová
- , Ondřej Santolík
- & Radek Lán
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Article
| Open AccessFast rotating blue stragglers prefer loose clusters
Blue Stragglers Stars (BSSs) are anomalously luminous main sequence stars in clusters. Here, the authors show evidence that the fraction of fast rotating BSSs increases for decreasing central density of the host system, suggesting fast spinning BSSs prefer low-density environments.
- Francesco R. Ferraro
- , Alessio Mucciarelli
- & Mario Mateo
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| Open AccessSeasonal and diurnal variations of Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability at terrestrial magnetopause
Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability (KHI) has been suggested as a significant source of geomagnetic activity during northward Interplanetary Magnetic Fields (IMF). Here, the authors show seasonal and diurnal variations of KHI at Earth’s magnetopause, highlighting the importance of Sun-earth geometry for space weather.
- S. Kavosi
- , J. Raeder
- & C. J. Farrugia
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| Open AccessThe diffuse gamma-ray flux from clusters of galaxies
The origin of the diffuse gamma-ray background (DGRB) is unknown. Here, the authors show that the integrated gamma-ray flux from clusters can contribute up to 100% of the DGRB flux observed by Fermi-LAT above 100 GeV.
- Saqib Hussain
- , Rafael Alves Batista
- & Klaus Dolag
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| Open AccessMetal-rich stars are less suitable for the evolution of life on their planets
Low stellar ultraviolet (UV) radiation leads to low ozone abundances, therefore, less planetary UV protection. Here, the authors show that planets in the habitable zones of metal-poor stars, despite their higher UV radiation than metal-rich stars, are the best targets for search for life.
- Anna V. Shapiro
- , Christoph Brühl
- & Jos Lelieveld
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| Open AccessHabitability and sub glacial liquid water on planets of M-dwarf stars
A long-standing issue in astrobiology is whether planets orbiting the most abundant type of stars, M-dwarfs, can support liquid water and eventually life. A new study shows that subglacial melting may provide an answer, significantly extending the habitability region, in particular around M-dwarf stars, which are also the most promising for biosignature detection with the present and near-future technology.
- Amri Wandel
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| Open AccessUltra-high-resolution observations of persistent null-point reconnection in the solar corona
Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental energy release mechanism in space and laboratory plasmas. Here, the authors show persistent magnetic null-point reconnection in the solar corona at a scale of about 390 km.
- X. Cheng
- , E. R. Priest
- & S. Parenti
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| Open AccessParticle-sounding of the spatial structure of kinetic Alfvén waves
Kinetic Alfven Waves (KAWs) are ubiquitous in space plasmas. Here, the authors show that application of particle sounding technique to Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission data enables measuring perpendicular wavelength of KAWs.
- Z.-Y. Liu
- , Q.-G. Zong
- & G. Le