Immunopathogenesis articles from across Nature Portfolio

Basophils have been implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as evidenced by the fact that basophil-deficient mice do not develop the disease. Here, the authors demonstrate that PD-L1 and IL-4 expression in basophils promotes the pathogenic accumulation of follicular helper T cells in patients with SLE and murine models.

Early identification of osteoarthritis (OA) prior to the development of symptoms is challenging. Post-traumatic OA provides a model for the development of OA following a defined event. In this Review, the authors describe the existing knowledge relating to the biomarkers of post-traumatic OA, which might also be applicable to the identification of early non-traumatic OA.

Re-establishing tolerance to autoantigens is an important aim for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Immunization of HLA-DR4 transgenic mice with citrullinated self-antigens can induce immune tolerance, which suggests that such antigens could have a therapeutic role in anti-citrullinated peptide antibody-positive RA.

New findings suggest that targeting the DAMP protein S100A4 could mitigate both inflammatory and fibrotic pathways in systemic sclerosis.

Rheumatoid arthritis synovium contains phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Cutting-edge analyses have now defined at least four distinct states of these cells related to their location in the synovium, epigenetic imprinting and the influence of microenvironment mediators.