Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
Bacteria make protein toxins to compete with other bacteria in microbial communities. A study of a common soil bacterium has revealed a previously unknown type of antibacterial toxin that forms a striking umbrella-like structure.
This study shows that normal microbial exposure increases inflammation and CD8+ T cell exhaustion and leads to mortality in old mice; it also shows that anti-PD1 antibody treatment restores survival and increases CD8+ cytotoxic capacity, without altering inflammation.
Oxygen is an essential requirement for aerobic organisms. Here the authors explore the role of oxygen in the antiviral innate response in multiple models of infection and suggest oxygen enhances the antiviral innate response via EGLN1 hydroxylation of IRF3.
Knowledge of pathogenesis mechanisms and effective treatments for viral myocarditis is lacking. Here, Wang et al show that loss of TRIM29 and PERK inhibitor mitigate viral myocarditis by attenuating PERK-driven ER stress and ROS responses in male mice.
A case report of highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 of clade 2.3.4.4b in the brain of a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) from Florida, United States.
Researchers deliberately infect participants with SARS-CoV-2 in ‘challenge’ trials — but high levels of immunity complicate efforts to test vaccines and treatments.
Bacteria make protein toxins to compete with other bacteria in microbial communities. A study of a common soil bacterium has revealed a previously unknown type of antibacterial toxin that forms a striking umbrella-like structure.