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A logic gate is a device performing an elementary Boolean function, producing a logical 0 or 1 output depending on one or several such logical inputs. Implemented with either electronic, optic, mechanical or even biological devices, logic gates can be composed into physical models of all conceivable algorithms or ‘computation’.
Transcription factor over-expression-based cellular conversion methods often endure low conversion efficiency. Here the authors show how to increase conversion efficiency by combining a computational method for prioritizing more efficient TF combinations with a transposon-based genomic integration system for delivery.
Genetic circuits can be engineered to generate predefined outcomes, however host context is a crucial factor in performance. Here the authors characterise twenty NOT gates in seven different bacteria to understand and predict interoperability and portability across hosts.
The idea that artificial neural networks could be based on molecular components is not new, but making such a system has been difficult. A network of four artificial neurons made from DNA has now been created. See Letterp.368
Cellular compartmentalization is an effective way to build gene circuits capable of complex logic operations, in which binary inputs are converted into binary outputs according to user-defined rules. See Lettersp.207 & p.212
Computers use transistor-based logic gates as the basis of their functions, but molecular logic gates would make them much faster. A report of DNA-based logic gates could be a first step towards molecular computing.