Fig. 5

Punctuated sea-level rise events over timescales of decades to century based on coralgal reef terrace levels and their connection with warming intervals in the North Greenland Ice Core Project climate record during last deglaciation. a Hypsometric curves for nine south Texas shelf drowned banks, based on high-resolution multibeam bathymetry data and 3.5 kHz seismic lines, identify the occurrence of a series of terraces common to the banks. Each depth range (mbsl) of the four common shallower terraces is based on the multibeam data sets, green (63 ± 1 m), blue (66.5 ± 1.5 m), purple (70.5 ± 1.5 m), and orange (74 ± 1 m). Two of those terraces (purple and orange), in addition to a deeper one at 82 ± 1 m, are also identified on the 3.5 kHz seismic lines (Fig. 4). An additional terrace level is identified on the multibeam map of Harte bank (deepest bank): gray (94.5 ± 1.5 m). b Paleo terrace depths (Table 1) with uncertainties are projected onto the ice-volume equivalent sea-level curve¹⁵. The age equivalent of each terrace is projected onto the NGRIP δ¹⁸O record^41,42 with associated uncertainties (red vertical bands). The Younger Dryas interval is represented by a blue band. Melt water pulses (MWP) 1A and 1B are represented by vertical light red and yellow bands