Table 2 Nutrient composition of the intervention diets throughout the study

From: Long-term effects of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on weight control and cardiovascular risk markers in obese hyperinsulinemic subjects

 

Energy control

12- month follow-up

 

ER

EB

3M

6M

9M

12M

SP

 Energy (MJ/day)

6.7±0.2a

8.5±0.2b,c

8.8±0.9b,c

8.8±0.8b,c

8.3±0.7a,c

9.0±0.8a,c

 CHO (%E)

56.7±0.4*,a

56.5±0.4*,a

47.8±1.0*,b

45.8±0.9b

44.8±1.3b

46.3±1.3b

 Protein (%E)

16.3±0.2*,a

15.9±0.2*,a

18.5±0.5*,b

19.5±0.5*,b

20.2±0.8b

20.5±0.7b

 Total fat (%E)

27.4±0.3a

28.1±0.4a,c

32.8±1.0b

34.1±0.8b

33.7±0.9b

32.4±1.1b,c

SFA (%E)

8.2±0.1a

8.7±0.2a

11.4±0.6b,c

12.4±0.5b

11.9±0.5b,c

11.4±0.6b,c

MUFA (%E)

13.6±0.3a

13.3±0.3a,c

12.0±0.5b

12.4±0.4b

12.4±0.4b,c

12.0±0.6b

PUFA (%E)

3.0±0.1a

3.6±0.2a

6.1±0.3b

6.0±0.4b

6.2±0.4b

5.8±0.4b

 Cholesterol (mg/day)

87.1±2.5*,a

121.9±9.6*,b

263.1±36.0b,c

282.0±32.1b,c

282.2±31.5b,c

309.2±46.3b,c

 Fibre (g/day)

29.8±0.8*,a

37.1±0.9*,b

27.5 ± 2.2a

26.2±2.3a

24.9±1.6a

29.5±3.2a

HP

 Energy (MJ/day)

6.4±0.1a

8.2±0.3b,c

8.3±0.8b,c

8.1±0.5b,c

8.5±0.9a,c

7.6±0.6a,c

 CHO (%E)

43.8±0.4a

43.8±0.5a

43.9±1.1a

44.3±1.2a

43.4±1.3a

46.4±1.6a

 Protein (%E)

28.7±0.3a

28.6±0.4a

20.9±0.8b

22.3±0.8b

21.5±0.8b

21.5±0.8b

 Total Fat (%E)

27.7±0.3 a

27.7±0.4a,c

32.7±0.9b

32.1±0.9b

33.7±0.7b

31.0±1.2b,c

SFA (%E)

8.7±0.2a

8.4±0.2a

12.1±0.5b,c

12.3±0.5b

12.3±0.5b,c

10.9±0.5b,c

MUFA (%E)

13.6±0.3a

13.6±0.3a,c

12.3±0.4b

11.6±0.5b

12.7±0.5b,c

11.7±0.6b

PUFA (%E)

2.8±0.1a

3.1±0.1a

5.4±0.3b

5.2±0.3b

5.7±0.3b

5.5±0.4b

 Cholesterol (mg/day)

184.1±9.8a

247.9±18.2b,c

257.0±25.6a,c

263.6±20.6b,c

238.9±19.6a,c

225.9±17.5a,c

 Fibre (g/day)

21.7±0.8a

28.7±1.3b

25.7±2.6a,b

23.2 ± 1.5a

23.9 ± 2.1a,b

24.5±2.2a,b

  1. Data are means±s.e.m. SP, standard protein; HP high protein; ER, 12-week energy restriction period; EB, 4-week energy balance period; 3M, 3 months; 6M, 6 months; 9M, 9 months; 12M, 12 months; %E, % of total energy; CHO, carbohydrate; SFA, saturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid.
  2. *P<0.05 different as compared to the corresponding value in the high protein group. Common superscript letters within a row denote that means were not different (P>0.05). P-value from ANOVA, independent Student's t-tests and paired t-tests.