Abstract
Prohibitin (PHB) is a cell cycle regulatory protein, known to repress E2F1-mediated gene activation via recruitment of transcriptional regulatory factors such as retinoblastoma and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). We previously identified PHB as a target protein of androgen signaling in prostate cancer cells and showed that downregulation of PHB is required for androgen-induced cell cycle entry in these cells. We now present evidence that PHB, which has 54% homology at the protein level to the oestrogen receptor corepressor REA (repressor of oestrogen receptor activity), can repress androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transcription and androgen-dependent cell growth. Depletion of endogenous PHB resulted in an increase in expression of the androgen-regulated prostate-specific antigen gene. The repression appears to be specific to androgen and closely related receptors, as it is also evident for the glucocorticoid and progesterone, but not oestrogen, receptors. In spite of interaction of PHB with HDAC1, HDAC activity is not required for this repression. Although AR and PHB could be co-immunoprecipitated, no direct interaction was detectable, suggesting that PHB forms part of a repressive complex with the AR. Competition with the co-activator SRC1 further suggests that formation of a complex with AR, PHB and other cofactors is the mechanism by which repression is achieved. It appears then that repression of AR activity is one mechanism by which PHB inhibits androgen-dependent growth of prostate cells. Further, this study implies that the AR itself could, by mediating downregulation of a corepressor, be involved in the progression of prostate tumours to the hormone refractory stage.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Simak Ali for critical discussion and reading of the paper and Hayley Whitaker for the PHB/REA alignment. We also thank Andrew Cato for the kind gift of PC3wtAR cells and Malcolm Parker, Frank Claessens, Albert Brinkmann, Guido Jenster, Simak Ali, Marc van der Wetering and Hans Clevers for kindly providing plasmids used in this study. This work was funded by grants from the Whyte Family Charitable Trust, The Prostate Cancer Charity and the Association for International Cancer Research.
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Gamble, S., Chotai, D., Odontiadis, M. et al. Prohibitin, a protein downregulated by androgens, represses androgen receptor activity. Oncogene 26, 1757–1768 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209967
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209967
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