Abstract
Although the layer charge in 2:1 phyllosilicate minerals is known to result from the replacement of tetrahedral Si or octahedral Al, Fe and Mg by ions of lower charge, there is only limited information concerning the distribution of layer charge from X-ray crystallographic data1–3. Here we use 29Si and 27Al magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy to examine the site distribution of tetrahedral Si and Al in a series of synthetic trioctahedral clays with (Si/Al)tetr values in the range 2.74–7.69. Analysis of the 29Si spectra shows that Loewenstein's rule for Al occupancy of the tetrahedral sheet is obeyed and that there is some short-range ordering for Al sites. The nature of the ordering is explained in part by the results of electrostatic potential energy calculations. In general, strong 27Al resonances are observed for Al in tetrahedral sites, but the resonances due to Al in octahedral sites are considerably weaker than would be expected on the basis of chemical analysis. Consequently, no quantitative analysis of the 27Al spectra is possible.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gatineau, L. Bull. Soc. Fr. Miner. Crystallogr. 87, 321–355 (1964).
Guggenheim, S. & Bailey, S. W. Am. Miner. 60, 1023–1027 (1975).
Bailey, S. W. Am. Miner. 60, 175–187 (1975).
Loewenstein, W. Am. Miner. 39, 92–96 (1954).
Lippmaa, E., Magi, M., Samoson, A., Engelhardt, G. & Grimmer, A. R. J. Am. chem. Soc. 102, 4889–4893 (1980).
Klinowski, J., Thomas, J. M., Fyfe, C. A. & Hartman, J. S. J. phys. Chem. 85, 2590–2594 (1981).
Fyfe, C. A., Thomas, J. M., Klinowski, J. & Gobbi, G. C. Angew. Chem. 22, 259–275 (1983).
Fyfe, C. A., Gobbi, G. C., Hartman, J. S., Klinowski, J. & Thomas, J. M. J. phys. Chem. 86, 1247–1250 (1982).
Oldfield, E. et al. J. Am. chem. Soc. 104, 919–920 (1982).
Hamilton, D. L. & Henderson, C. M. B. Miner. Mag. 36, 832–838 (1968).
Vega, A. J. Am. chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. 218, 217–230 (1983).
Giese, R. F. Crystal Structures of Ideal, Ordered, 1-Layer Micas (AFCRL-TR-75-0438, Envir. Res. Pap. 526, United States Air Force, Cambridge Research Laboratories, 1975).
Giese, R. F. Crystal Structures of Ideal, Ordered, 2-Layer Micas (AFCRL-TR-75-0471, Envir. Res. Pap. 533, United States Air Force, Cambridge Research Laboratories, 1975).
Meier, W. M. & Villiger, H. Z. Kristallogr. 129, 411–423 (1969).
Barron, P. F., Wilson, M. A., Campbell, A. S. & Frost, R. L. Nature 299, 616 (1982).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lipsicas, M., Raythatha, R., Pinnavaia, T. et al. Silicon and aluminium site distributions in 2:1 layered silicate clays. Nature 309, 604–607 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1038/309604a0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/309604a0
This article is cited by
-
Resolving the intrinsic short-range ordering of K+ ions on cleaved muscovite mica
Nature Communications (2023)
-
Evidence from 29Si NMR for the structure of mixed-layer illite/smectite clay minerals
Nature (1988)
-
Isomorphous substitution effects on the thermally induced interlayer reaction inN-hexylammonium layered aluminosilicates
Journal of Inclusion Phenomena (1987)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.