Figure 9

(a) A correlation between rheological properties and the key prerequisites for various manufacturing techniques enabled fabrication of liquid crystalline graphene oxide via a wide range of industrial techniques. Overlaid are the approximate processing regimes for a number of industrial fabrication techniques. (b) Photograph of electrospraying of a viscoelastic liquid of graphene oxide dispersion at a concentration of 0.05 mg ml⁻¹. (c) Photograph of a graphene oxide thin film that was spray coated and thermally reduced utilizing a transitional state to viscoelastic liquid graphene oxide dispersion of 0.25 mg ml⁻¹. (d) Transparency of the spray coated-reduced graphene oxide thin films as a function of coating layers; the numbers show the number of coating layers. (e) Ink-jet printed logo using liquid crystalline graphene oxide viscoelastic soft solid at a concentration of 0.75 mg ml⁻¹. (f) As-prepared wet-spun fibers from liquid crystalline graphene oxide viscoelastic soft solid at a concentration of 2.5 mg ml⁻¹. (g) Cross-section of a wet-spun liquid crystalline graphene oxide fiber, showing that graphene oxide sheets are stacked in layers with some degree of folding and are ordered due to the formation of nematic liquid crystals. (h) Extrusion printed pattern using liquid crystalline graphene oxide viscoelastic gel of 4.5 mg ml⁻¹. (i) Extrusion printed three-dimensional architecture using liquid crystalline graphene oxide viscoelastic gel of 13.3 mg ml⁻¹. (j) Dry-spinning of liquid crystalline graphene oxide fibers utilizing liquid crystalline graphene oxide viscoelastic gel of 13.3 mg ml⁻¹.⁴ Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.