Table 2 Anthropometric measurements (A), blood biochemistries (B) and dietary intakes (C) at baseline and week-4 of study

From: Appetitive, dietary and health effects of almonds consumed with meals or as snacks: a randomized, controlled trial

(A)		Baseline	Week-4	Repeated measures ANOVA (Greenhouse–Geisser) ^a
		Mean±s.d.	Mean± s.d.	Time, P	Group, P	Time^b Group, P
Body weight, kg
CL	n=27	77.2±16.8	77.2±17.2
BF	n=28	80.5±15.0	80.7±14.8
MS	n=28	83.2±21.1	83.2±21.3	0.023^b	0.510	0.357
LN	n=26	84.8±13.7	85.1±13.4
AS	n=28	81.8±14.6	81.9±15.8
BMI, kg/m ²
CL	n=27	27.0±4.4	26.9±4.4
BF	n=28	28.2±4.8	28.3±4.7
MS	n=28	28.7±5.0	28.7±5.1	0.011^b	0.547	0.627
LN	n=26	29.0±3.9	29.1±3.9
AS	n=28	28.2±5.2	28.3±5.3
Waist, cm
CL	n=27	81.9±12.4	82.3±12.4
BF	n=28	85.3±12.2	85.0±12.4
MS	n=28	85.6±11.4	85.8±11.6	<0.001^b	0.585	0.010^b
LN	n=26	87.0±9.9	87.2±9.7
AS	n=28	86.2±11.2	86.0±11.0
Body fat mass, kg
CL	n=27	26.3±10.5	26.2±10.4
BF	n=28	28.1±11.2	28.0±11.2
MS	n=28	28.1±10.2	28.1±10.9	0.151	0.988	0.922
LN	n=26	28.5±9.2	28.2±9.3
AS	n=28	27.3±10.7	27.0±11.2
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg
CL	n=27	121.2±11.5	117.8±12.5
BF	n=28	123.9±12.5	121.5±14.9
MS	n=28	122.7±11.9	122.6±11.0	0.023^b	0.047^b	0.481
LN	n=26	128.4±14.8	128.4±10.9
AS	n=28	127.7±11.6	124.1±10.2
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg
CL	n=27	74.6±8.0	72.2±9.3
BF	n=28	77.1±10.3	76.3±11.0
MS	n=28	76.1±9.1	74.3±8.5	0.020^b	0.438	0.713
LN	n=26	78.7±11.9	76.6±11.7
AS	n=28	76.8±7.9	76.8±6.7

(B)		Baseline	Week-4	Repeated measures ANOVA (Greenhouse–Geisser) ^a
		Mean± s.d.	Mean± s.d.	Time, P	Group, P	Time^b Group, P
Fasting serum glucose, mg/dl
CL	n=27	92.3±9.7	92.2±10.0
BF	n=28	89.0±7.8	91.3±0.9
MS	n=28	93.8±18.4	90.1±9.1	0.003^b	0.877	0.733 (adj. BMI 0.084)
LN	n=26	92.6±9.4	92.5±9.0
AS	n=28	91.4±8.9	91.9±11.5
Fasting serum triacylglycerol, mg/dl
CL	n=27	93.3±44.4	98.3±50.2
BF	n=28	89.7±50.3	103.3±58.7
MS	n=28	92.6±51.6	90.4±41.2	0.001^b	0.849	0.260 (adj. BMI 0.855)
LN	n=26	99.5±68.5	92.7±52.6
AS	n=28	112.2±43.7	95.6±37.0
Fasting serum total cholesterol, mg/dl
CL	n=27	151.9±25.3	147.2±24.0
BF	n=28	152.3±23.2	153.4±26.9
MS	n=28	151.1±34.7	153.0±36.2	<0.001^b	0.864	0.530 (adj. BMI 0.822)
LN	n=26	154.1±32.4	149.0±26.4
AS	n=28	157.5±31.4	151.8±33.0
Fasting serum LDL cholesterol, mg/dl
CL	n=27	89.1±22.6	83.9±21.7
BF	n=28	95.7±26.5	92.6±23.6
MS	n=28	93.5±29.3	95.9±29.7	<0.001^b	0.726	0.636 (adj. BMI 0.981)
LN	n=26	93.0±26.0	89.1±24.9
AS	n=28	97.0±28.5	92.0±28.3
Fasting serum HDL cholesterol, mg/dl
CL	n=27	52.7±11.6	53.0±12.3
BF	n=28	48.3±14.8	49.6±18.3
MS	n=28	47.7±9.4	47.3±9.2	<0.001^b	0.502	0.178 (adj. BMI 0.376)
LN	n=26	51.0±15.7	52.0±14.7
AS	n=28	47.9±10.7	46.9±10.4
Fasting serum insulin, μU/ml
CL	n=27	10.5±5.0	9.4±5.7
BF	n=28	9.0±5.7	11.1±11.3
MS	n=28	13.4±12.9	10.7±6.4	0.024^b	0.176	0.309 (adj. BMI 0.962)
LN	n=26	13.2±5.7	13.5±8.1
AS	n=28	11.2±6.5	13.3±8.7
Fasting plasma α-tocopherol, mg/dl
CL	n=27	6.39±1.62	6.26±1.45
BF	n=28	6.65±1.76	7.05±1.82
MS	n=28	5.90±1.33	6.15±1.36	0.181	0.541	0.333
LN	n=26	6.66±2.99	6.59±2.74
AS	n=28	6.43±2.02	6.59±1.55

(C)		Baseline	Week-4	Repeated measures ANOVA (Greenhouse-Geisser) ^a
		Mean±s.d.	Mean±s.d.	Time, P	Group, P	Time^b Group, P
Energy intake, kcal/day
CL	n=27	1890±539	1719±661
BF	n=28	2026±754	1969±667
MS	n=28	2223±795	2216±749	0.573	0.035^b	0.806
LN	n=26	2036±718	2082±719
AS	n=28	1948±748	1878±685
Fat intake, g/day
CL	n=27	72.8±27.3	69.0±42.4
BF	n=28	82.8±45.4	90.0±42.0
MS	n=28	84.1±36.1	96.4±34.9	0.057	0.033^b	0.583
LN	n=26	82.3±38.9	88.2±31.5
AS	n=28	73.3±37.1	85.0±30.2
Carbohydrate intake, g/day
CL	n=27	228.5±90.6	216.0±84.9
BF	n=28	251.9±90.6	220.6±69.5
MS	n=28	285.0±114.1	259.0±108.8	0.062	0.057	0.710
LN	n=26	244.7±88.2	242.3±113.9
AS	n=28	239.8±105.6	204.4±101.6
Protein intake, g/day
CL	n=27	76.6±34.9	63.9±26.4
BF	n=28	76.9±33.7	76.1±30.6
MS	n=28	79.3±33.6	88.9±42.7	0.755	0.123	0.373
LN	n=26	84.8±31.4	84.1±26.7
AS	n=28	75.7±42.8	73.9±32.6
Alcohol intake, g/day
CL	n=27	6.3±23.9	1.4±5.3
BF	n=28	1.2±4.1	1.9±10.3
MS	n=28	6.7±22.6	1.3±5.6	0.240	0.762	0.334
LN	n=26	0.6±2.7	2.4±7.1
AS	n=28	1.8±4.9	1.0±5.2
Dietary cholesterol (mg/day)
CL	n=27	259±208	227±299
BF	n=28	266±213	228±230
MS	n=28	259±209	286±250	0.437	0.705	0.890
LN	n=26	283±217	256±160
AS	n=28	276±198	231±174
Dietary saturated fat, g/day
CL	n=27	26.4±14.8	23.0±16.3
BF	n=28	31.1±21.3	25.7±15.3
MS	n=28	29.5±15.2	27.3±14.5	0.066	0.561	0.990
LN	n=26	27.2±12.7	23.5±10.1
AS	n=28	27.2±18.2	24.7±12.3
Dietary monounsaturated fat, g/day
CL	n=27	24.9±9.9	22.5±14.5
BF	n=28	28.4±16.0	36.3±13.2
MS	n=28	28.7±14.0	39.0±11.6	<0.001^b	<0.001^b	0.036^b
LN	n=26	29.0±15.6	37.3±12.1
AS	n=28	27.3±14.5	35.8±12.7
Dietary polyunsaturated fat, g/day
CL	n=27	15.3±7.2	18.0±12.5
BF	n=28	16.2±8.5	21.3±13.6
MS	n=28	19.1±11.3	22.8±11.2	0.008^b	0.064	0.323
LN	n=26	19.9±13.0	20.7±10.9
AS	n=28	17.6±9.1	17.8±7.9
Dietary fiber, g/d
CL	n=27	14.7±8.3	18.4±11.5
BF	n=28	21.2±12.6	19.7±8.3
MS	n=28	21.2±11.9	23.4±12.2	0.128	0.010^b	0.706
LN	n=26	17.0±6.0	19.0±9.0
AS	n=28	16.7±7.9	15.9±6.2
Dietary α-tocopherol, mg/day
CL	n=27	13.9±24.1	9.1±5.5	<0.001^b	<0.001^b	<0.001^b
BF	n=28	10.2±6.7	17.6±3.4
MS	n=28	12.3±8.1	24.4±13.2
LN	n=26	11.2±8.5	18.8±6.0
AS	n=28	11.4±8.5	17.6±6.6

Abbreviations: AS, afternoon snack; BF, breakfast; BMI, body mass index; CL, control; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LN, lunch; MS, morning snack.
^aGeneral linear model for repeated measures (RMANOVA) with Greenhouse–Geisser correction for data with the Mauchly’s test of Sphericity P<0.05.
^bStatistical significance, P<0.05.

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Table 2 Anthropometric measurements (A), blood biochemistries (B) and dietary intakes (C) at baseline and week-4 of study

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