Table 3 HRs for lung cancer by quintile of diet quality indices, overall and by smoking status, NIH–AARP Diet and Health Study, 1995–2006

From: Index-based dietary patterns and risk of lung cancer in the NIH–AARP diet and health study

Diet quality index	All participants			Never smokers			Former smokers			Current smokers
	No. of cases	HR ^a	95% CI	No. of cases	HR ^a	95% CI	No. of cases	HR ^a	95% CI	No. of cases	HR ^a	95% CI
HEI-2010
1	3076	1.00		77	1.00		1248	1.00		1751	1.00
2	1947	0.90	0.84, 0.95	84	0.81	0.59, 1.11	1030	0.90	0.83, 0.98	833	0.89	0.82, 0.97
3	1640	0.91	0.86, 0.97	95	0.80	0.59, 1.09	978	0.92	0.84, 1.00	567	0.92	0.84, 1.02
4	1436	0.92	0.86, 0.98	112	0.84	0.62, 1.14	916	0.91	0.83, 1.00	408	0.94	0.84, 1.05
5	1173	0.83	0.77, 0.89	127	0.83	0.61, 1.13	776	0.82	0.75, 0.91	270	0.82	0.72, 0.94
P trend			<0.0001			0.36			0.0006			0.005
AHEI-2010
1	2448	1.00		101	1.00		1102	1.00		1245	1.00
2	2004	0.96	0.90, 1.02	109	0.98	0.75, 1.29	1016	0.94	0.86, 1.02	879	0.96	0.88, 1.05
3	1879	0.99	0.93, 1.05	98	0.86	0.65, 1.13	1028	0.95	0.87, 1.03	753	1.04	0.95, 1.14
4	1601	0.92	0.86, 0.98	93	0.81	0.61, 1.08	943	0.87	0.80, 0.95	565	0.99	0.89, 1.09
5	1340	0.86	0.80, 0.92	94	0.84	0.63, 1.12	859	0.79	0.72, 0.87	387	0.97	0.86, 1.08
P trend			<0.0001			0.11			<0.0001			0.81
aMED
1	2232	1.00		85	1.00		991	1.00		1156	1.00
2	1849	0.96	0.91, 1.03	85	0.95	0.70, 1.29	987	1.03	0.94, 1.13	777	0.89	0.81, 0.97
3	1890	0.94	0.88, 1.00	102	0.94	0.70, 1.27	1025	0.94	0.86, 1.03	763	0.92	0.84, 1.01
4	1660	0.96	0.90, 1.03	97	0.91	0.67, 1.23	963	0.97	0.89, 1.06	600	0.95	0.86, 1.06
5	1641	0.85	0.79, 0.91	126	0.86	0.64, 1.17	982	0.81	0.74, 0.89	533	0.92	0.82, 1.02
P trend			<0.0001			0.33			<0.0001			0.24
DASH
1	2791	1.00		90	1.00		1193	1.00		1508	1.00
2	1681	0.99	0.93, 1.05	73	0.98	0.72, 1.33	865	1.00	0.91, 1.09	743	0.98	0.90, 1.07
3	1672	0.96	0.90, 1.02	94	1.00	0.75, 1.34	939	0.96	0.88, 1.04	639	0.95	0.86, 1.04
4	1960	0.93	0.88, 0.99	137	0.99	0.75, 1.30	1193	0.92	0.84, 1.00	630	0.94	0.86, 1.04
5	1168	0.84	0.78, 0.90	101	0.83	0.62, 1.13	758	0.81	0.73, 0.89	309	0.92	0.81, 1.05
P trend			<0.0001			0.29			<0.0001			0.10

Abbreviations: AHEI-2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010; aMED, alternate Mediterranean Diet; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; CI, confidence interval; HEI-2010, Healthy Eating Index-2010; HR, hazard ratio; NIH–AARP, National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons.
^aMultivariable models adjusted for age, sex, race, education, body mass index, physical activity, total energy, smoking status, cigarettes per day, time since quitting smoking and regular use of cigars/pipes. The HEI-2010 and DASH models were also adjusted for alcohol intake.

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Table 3 HRs for lung cancer by quintile of diet quality indices, overall and by smoking status, NIH–AARP Diet and Health Study, 1995–2006

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