Article PDF
References
Good: The Study of Medicine III, pub unknown, quoted OED.
Cogan DG : Congenital Nystagmus. Can J Ophthalmol 1967, 2: 4–10.
Cannon SC and Robinson DA : The final common integrator is in the prepositus and vestibular nucleii. In Adaptive processes in visual and oculomotor systems. Proc Asolimar conference 1985. Eds Keller EL and Zee DS, Pergamon Press Oxford. 307–311.
Eckmiller R : The transition between promotor eye velocity signals and oculomotor eye position signals in primate brainstem neurons during pursuit, in Adaptive Processes in Visual and Oculomotor Systems. Proc Asolimar conference 1985. Eds Keller EL and Zee DS, Pergamon Press Oxford. 301–5.
Miles FA and Fuller JH : Visual tracking and the primate flocculus. Science 1975, 189: 1000.
The VEP and misrouted pathways in human albinism. In Cracco RQ, Wollner IB Eds. Frontiers of Clinical Neuroscience Series. Evoked Potentials. New York. Alan Liss Inc. 1986:211–16.
Simon JW, Kandel GL, Krohel GB, Nelsen PT : Albinotic characteristics in congenital nystagmus. Am J Ophthalmol 1984, 97: 320–7.
Bahill AT, Ciuffreda KJ, Kenyon R, Stark L . Dynamic and static violations of Hering's law of equal innervation. Am J Optom and Physiol Optics 1976, 53: 786–96.
Gresty M, Page N, Barratt H : The differential diagnosis of congenital nystagmus. J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984, 47: 936–42.
Yee RD, Wong EK, Baloh RW, Honrubia V : A study of congenital nystagmus: Waveforms. Neurology 1976, 26: 326–33.
Cook G and Stark L : The Human Eye Movement Mechanism; experiments, modelling and modeltesting. Arch OphthalmoI 1968, 79: 428–36.
Cook G, Stark L, Zuber BL : Horizontal eye movements studied with the on-line computer. Arch Ophthalmol 1966, 76: 589–95.
Dix MR, Hallpike CS, Hood JD . Electronystagmography and its uses in the study of spontaneous nystagmus. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1963, 83: 531–57.
Fuchs AF and Robinson DA : A method for measuring horizontal and vertical eye movement chronically in the monkey. J Appl Physiol 1966, 2: 1068–70.
Dell'Osso LF and Daroff RB : Congenital nystagmus waveforms and foveation strategy. Doc Ophthalmol 1975, 39: 155–82.
Gresty MA, Ell JJ and Findley LJ : Acquired pendular nystagmus: its characteristics, localising value and pathophysiology. J Neural, Neurosurg and Psychiatry 1982, 45: 431–9.
Abadi RV and Dickinson CM : Waveform characteristics in congenital nystagmus. Doc Ophthalmol 1986, 64: 153–67.
Hoyt CS and Gelbart SS : Vertical Nystagmus in infants with congenital ocular abnormalities. Ophthalmic Paediatrics Genetics 1984, 4: 155–62.
Sogg RL and Hoyt WF : Intermittent vertical nystagmus in a Father and Son. Arch Ophthalmol 1962, 68: 113–5.
Dell'Osso LF, Flynn JT, Daroff RB : Hereditary Congenital Nystagmus: An Intrafamilial Study. Arch Ophthalmol 1974, 92: 366–74.
Spooner SN, Bateman JB, Yee RD : Congenital Nystagmus in identical twins: Discordant Features. J Pediat Ophthalmol Strabism 1986, 23: 115–9.
Dell'Osso LF : Functional Definitions and classifications of congenital nystagmus waveforms. Ophthalmol Digest 1976, 38: 19–27.
Meienberg O, Hemphill G, Rosenberg M, Hoyt WF : Visually evoked response asymmetries in a family with congenital nystagmus. Possible evidence of abnormal visual projections. Arch Neurol 1980, 37: 697–8.
Dell'Osso LF, Schmidt D, Daroff RB : Latent, Manifest Latent and Manifest Nystagmus. Arch Ophthalmol 1979, 97: 1877–85.
Tychsen L, Hurtig RR, Scott WE : Pursuit is impaired but the vestibulo-ocular reflex is normal in infantile strabismus. Arch Ophthalmol 1985, 103: 536–9.
Harcourt B : Aetiology, classification and clinical characteristics of esotropia. In infancy, in Strabismus and Amblyopia. Wenner-Gren International Symposium Series, 49: London Macmillan. 1988, 23–35.
Kommerell G, Horn R, Bach M : Motion perception in congenital nystagmus. In: Adaptive processes in visual and oculomotor systems. Proc Asolimar conference, Eds Keller EL and Zee DS, Oxford: Pergamon Press 1985, pp 485–91.
Dell'Osso LF . Congenital Nystagmus: Basic aspects. In: Functional Basis of Ocular Motility Disorders. Proc Int Symposium, Stockholm. Eds: Lennerstrand G, Zee DS and Keller EL, Oxford: Pergamon Press 1981. pp 129–38.
Kommerell G and Medhorn E . Is an optokinetic defect the cause of congenital and latent nystagmus? In: Functional Basis of Ocular Motility Disorders. Proc lnt Symposium, Stockholm. Eds: Lennerstrand G, Zee DS, Keller EL, Oxford: Pergamon Press 1981. pp 159–70.
Shibasaki H, Yamashita Y, Motomura S : Suppression of congenital nystagmus. J Neural, Neurosurg and Psychiat 1978, 41: 1078–83.
Optican L and Zee DS : A hypothetical explanation of congenital nystagmus. Bioi Cybern. 1984, 50: 119–34.
Dell'Osso LF, Gauthier G, Liberman G, Stark L . Eye movement recording as a diagnostic tool in a case of congenital nystagmus. Am J Optom and Arch Am Acad Optom. 1972, 49: 3–13.
Blair SM and Gavin M : Modifications of vestibuloocular reflex induced by diazepam. Arch Otolaryngol 1979, 105: 698–701.
Zak TA and D'Ambrosio FA : Nutritional nystagmus in infants. J Ped Ophthalmol Strabismus 1985, 224: 140–2.
Jay WM, Marcus RW, Jay MS : Primary position upbeat nystagmus with organophosphate poisoning. J Ped Ophthalmol Strabismus 1982, 19: 318–9.
Cogan DG, Chu FC, Reingold MA, Barranger J : Ocular motor signs in some metabolic diseases. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981, 99: 1802–8.
Baloh RW, Honrubia V, Yee RD, Langhofer L, Minser K . Recovery from unilateral peripheral vestibular lesions. In: Adaptive processes in visual and oculomotor systems. Proc Asolimar conference 1985. Eds Keller EL and Zee DS, Pergamon Press Oxford. pp 349–56.
Van Vliet AGM : Nystagmus. Doc Ophthalmol 1982, 52: 435–46.
Gresty MA, Barratt H, Bronstein A, Page N : Clinical Aspects of Otolith-oculomotor relationships. In: Adaptive processes in visual and oculomotor systems. Proc Asolimar conference 1985. Eds Keller EL and Zee DS, Pergamon Press Oxford. pp 357–65.
Westheimer G and Blair SM : The ocular tilt reaction—a brainstem oculomotor routine. Invest Ophthalmol 1975, 14: 883–93.
Suzuki JI, Tokumasu K, Goto K : Eye movements from single utricular nerve stimulation in the cat. Acta Otolaryngol 1969, 68: 350–62.
Baloh RW, Konrad HR, Dirks D, Honrubia V : Cerebellopontine angle tumours: results of quantitative vestibulo-ocular testing. Arch Neurol. 1976, 33: 507–12.
Farmer J and Hoyt CS : Monocular nystagmus in infancy and early childhood. Am J Ophthalmol 1984, 98: 504–9.
Lavery MA, O'Neill JF, Chu F, Martyn LJ : Acquired nystagmus in early childhood: a presenting sign of intracranial tumour. Ophthalmology 1984, 91: 425–35.
Koenig SB, Naidich TP, Zaparackas Z : Optic glioma masquerading as spasmus nutans. J Ped Ophthalmol Strabismus 1982, 19: 20–4.
Daroff R and Dell'Osso LF : Nystagmus—a Contemporary Approach. In: Topics in Neuro-Ophthalmology, Baltimore. ed Thompson HS. Williams and Wilkins. 1979, 286–97.
Halmagyi GM, Rudge P, Gresty MA, Sanders MD : Downbeating nystagmus. A review of 62 cases. Arch Neural 1983, 40: 777–83.
Weissman BM, Dell'Osso LF, Abel LA, Leigh RJ : Spasmus nutans. A quantitative prospective study. Arch Ophthalmol 1987, 105: 525–8.
Gresty MA and Hamalgyi GM : Head nodding associated with idiopathic congenital nystagmus. In: Cohen B (ed): Vestibular and Oculomotor Physiology: International meeting of the Barany Society. New York, New York Academy of Sciences, 1981. 614–8.
Fetter M, Zee DS, Proctor LR : Effect of lack of vision and of occipital lobectomy upon recovery from unilateral labyrinthectomy in Rhesus monkey. J Neurophysiol. 1988, 59: 394–407.
Wood CC, Spear PD, Braun JJ : Direction-specific deficits in horizontal optokinetic nystagmus following removal of visual cortex in the cat. Brain Res. 1973, 60: 231–7.
Schneider GE : Two visual systems. Brain mechanisms for localisation and discrimination are dissociated by tectal and cortical lesions. Science 1969, 163: 895–902.
Fielder AR and Evans NM : Is the Geniculostriate System a Prerequisite for Nystagmus? Eye, 1988, 2: 628–35.
Van Hof-Duin J and Mohn G : Optokinetic and spontaneous nystagmus in children with neurological disorders. Behavioural Brain Research 1983, 10: 163–75.
Regal DM, Ashmead DH, Salapetek P : The coordination of eye and head movements during early infancy: a selective review. Behavioural Brain Research 1983, 10: 125–32.
Cordero L, Clarke DL, Urrutia JG : Postrotatory nystagmus in the full-term and premature infant. Int J Pediatric Otorhinolaryn 1983, 5: 47–57.
Naegele JR and Held R : The postnatal development of monocular optokinetic nystagmus in infants. Vision Res 1982, 22: 341–6.
Schor CM, Narayan V, Westall C : Postnatal development of optokinetic after nystagmus in human infants. Vision Research 1983 23: 1643–7.
Roucoux A, Culee C, Roucoux M : Development of fixation and pursuit eye movements in human infants. Behavioural Brain Research 1983, 10: 133–9.
Ruff HA, Lawson KR, Kurtzeberg D, McCarton-Daum C, Vaughan HG : Visual following of moving objects by full-term and pre-term infants. J Pediatric Psychology 1982, 7: 375–86.
Abadi RV, Carden D, Simpson J : A new treatment for congenital nystagmus. Br J Ophthalmol 1980, 64: 2–6.
Ciuffreda KJ, Goldrich SG, Neary C : Use of eye movement auditory feedback in the control of nystagmus. Am J Optom Physiolog Optics 1982, 59: 396–409.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Evans, N. The significance of nystagmus. Eye 3, 816–832 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1989.126
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1989.126
This article is cited by
-
Conserved subcortical processing in visuo-vestibular gaze control
Nature Communications (2022)
-
Full gaze contingency provides better reading performance than head steering alone in a simulation of prosthetic vision
Scientific Reports (2021)
-
Therapeutic external ophthalmoplegia with bilateral retrobulbar botulinum toxin– an effective treatment for acquired nystagmus with oscillopsia
Eye (2002)