Abstract
Objectives:
Physiological and behavioral circadian rhythmicities are exhibited by all mammals and are generated by intracellular levels of circadian oscillators, which are composed of transcriptional/translational feedback loops involving a set of circadian-clock genes, such as Clock, Per1–3, Cry1–2, Bmal1, Dbp, E4BP4 and CK1ɛ. These circadian-clock genes play important roles in regulating circadian rhythms and also energy homeostasis and metabolism. Determining whether obesity induced by high-fat diet affected the expressions of circadian-clock genes and their related genes in peripheral tissues, was the main focus of this study. To address this issue, we fed male C57BL/6 mice a high-fat diet for 11 months to induce obesity, hyperglycemic, hypercholesterolemic and hyperinsulinemic symptoms, and used quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR to measure gene expression levels.
Results:
We found that the expressions of circadian-clock genes and circadian clock-controlled genes, including Per1–3, Cry1–2, Bmal1, Dbp, E4BP4, CK1ɛ, PEPCK, PDK4 and NHE3, were altered in the livers and/or kidneys.
Conclusions:
These results indicate that obesity induced by high-fat diet alters the circadian-clock system, and obesity and metabolic syndrome are highly correlated with the expressions of circadian-clock genes and their downstream, circadian clock-controlled genes.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Mr DP Chamberlin for editorial assistance with the paper. This study was supported in part by the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC95-2320-B-320-006-MY2 to KRS and NSC97-2314-B-277-001-MY3 to SCY), Tzu Chi Foundation (TCIRP95006-01 to KRS) and National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan (NHRI-EX96-9605NI to LLH and NHRI-BP-093-PP-11 to CTC).
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Hsieh, MC., Yang, SC., Tseng, HL. et al. Abnormal expressions of circadian-clock and circadian clock-controlled genes in the livers and kidneys of long-term, high-fat-diet-treated mice. Int J Obes 34, 227–239 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.228
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.228
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