Table 1b Delivery and infant characteristics and umbilical artery acidosis, birth asphyxia-related complications and admission to NICU

From: Durations of second stage of labor and pushing, and adverse neonatal outcomes: a population-based cohort study

 

Acidosis a

Birth asphyxia-related complications b

Admission to NICU

Delivery and infant characteristics

N totalc

N

%

N total

N

%

N

%

 

33 429

360

1.08

42 539

269

0.63

2733

6.42

Onset of delivery

 Spontaneous

27 260

284

1.04

34 913

209

0.60

2132

6.11

 Induction

6169

76

1.23

7626

60

0.79

601

7.88

Oxytocin

 No use

9258

89

0.96

12 387

46

0.37

584

4.71

 Use

        

Start before retracted cervix

16 316

186

1.14

20 292

170

0.84

1 509

7.44

Start at/after retracted cervix

7855

85

1.08

9860

53

0.54

640

6.49

Start at/after retracted cervix before pushing

4561

46

1.01

5765

28

0.49

351

6.09

Start at/after pushing

2642

29

1.10

3271

16

0.49

224

6.85

Missing information on time for pushing

652

  

824

    

Gestational length at birth (w)

 37

1476

7

0.47

1901

6

0.32

231

12.15

 38

3410

19

0.56

4391

27

0.61

339

7.72

 39

7513

62

0.83

9722

38

0.39

521

5.36

 40

10 655

127

1.19

13 568

82

0.60

790

5.82

 41

7595

101

1.33

9553

88

0.92

620

6.49

 ⩾42

2780

44

1.58

3 404

28

0.82

232

6.82

  1. Abbreviations: BE, base excess; HIE, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; MAS, meconium aspiration syndrome; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.
  2. Nulliparous women with singleton births, in cephalic presentation at ⩾37 gestational weeks in the Stockholm-Gotland Obstetric Cohort, Sweden 2008–2013
  3. aAcidosis: umbilical artery acidosis, pH <7.05 and BE< −12.
  4. bBirth asphyxia-related complications include any of the following conditions: HIE, hypothermia treatment, neonatal seizures, MAS or advanced resuscitation after birth (heart compressions or intubation).
  5. cMissing data on pH and/or BE: N=9110.
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