Abstract
Plant roots release a range of enzymes capable of degrading chemical compounds in their immediate vicinity1,2. We present a system of phytoremediation ex planta based on the overexpression of one such enzyme, a secretory laccase. Laccases catalyze the oxidation of a broad range of phenolic compounds3, including polychlorinated phenols such as 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), that are among the most hazardous and recalcitrant pollutants in the environment4. We isolated a secretory laccase cDNA of LAC1, which is specifically expressed in the roots of Gossypium arboreum (cotton). Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing LAC1 exhibited enhanced resistance to several phenolic allelochemicals and TCP. The secretory laccase activity in these plants was responsible for the conversion of sinapic acid into a mono-lactone type dimer and for the transformation of TCP.
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Acknowledgements
We thank J. Chen, W.L. Hu and Y.J. Lai for their help in HPLC-MS and GC-MS analysis. This research was supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (grants 30030020 and 39925005) and by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant KSCX2-SW-313).
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Supplementary information
Supplementary Fig. 1
GUS staining of the 4-day-old Arabidopsis seedlings expressing 35S::GUS or pLAC1::GUS. (PDF 140 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 2
Resistance of Arabidopsis plants of different transgenic LAC lines to TCP, 3 weeks after the second spraying. See also Figure 3. (PDF 182 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 3
HPLC-MS analysis of soluble phenolics of the 2-week-old WT and LAC 4-2 seedlings of Arabidopsis cultured in 1/2 MS medium (a) or in the medium containing 0.5 mM sinapic acid (b). (PDF 15 kb)
Supplementary Table 1
Root elongation of WT and LAC 4-2 seedlings grown in the agar plate in the presence of TCP (PDF 18 kb)
Supplementary Table 2
Root elongation of WT and LAC seedlings grown in the agar plate in the presence of 20 μM TCP (PDF 16 kb)
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Wang, GD., Li, QJ., Luo, B. et al. Ex planta phytoremediation of trichlorophenol and phenolic allelochemicals via an engineered secretory laccase. Nat Biotechnol 22, 893–897 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt982
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt982
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