Figure 2: ¹³C NMR spectra of reactants and products for epimerization and isomerization reactions.

(a) D-(1-¹³C)glucose with SB in a 4:1 glucose:SB ratio; (b) product mixture after reacting D-(1-¹³C)glucose with SB in a 4:1 glucose:SB ratio and Sn-Beta; (c) D-(1-¹³C)glucose; and (d) product mixture after reacting D-(1-¹³C)glucose with Sn-Beta.