Table 1 Optimization of reaction conditions.
From: Efficient selective and atom economic catalytic conversion of glycerol to lactic acid
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Entry | Base (M) | Base:glycerol | Solvent | T(°C) | Conv. (%) | TON (LA) | Selectivity |
1 | KOH (8 M) | 0.58 | Neat | 115 | 8.4 | 1,150 | >95 |
2 | NaOH (8 M) | 0.58 | Neat | 115 | 0.7 | 102 | >95 |
3 | LiOH (8 M) | 0.58 | Neat | 115 | 2.1 | 30 | — |
4 | CaO (8 M) | 0.58 | Neat | 115 | 1.4 | 20 | — |
5 | — | — | Neat | 115 | 0 | 0 | — |
6 | KOH (0.1 M) | 0.008 | Neat | 115 | 0.1 | 8 | 63 |
7 | KOH (0.5 M) | 0.036 | Neat | 115 | 0.1 | 14 | 72 |
8 | KOH (1 M) | 0.07 | Neat | 115 | 0.2 | 31 | 83 |
9 | KOH (2 M) | 0.15 | Neat | 115 | 0.5 | 63 | 88 |
10 | KOH (4 M) | 0.29 | Neat | 115 | 1.1 | 145 | 94 |
11 | KOH (8 M) | 0.58 | H2O/glycerol (1:9) | 115 | 5.7 | 779 | >95 |
12 | KOH (8 M) | 0.58 | H2O/glycerol (1:1) | 115 | 4.5 | 610 | >95 |
13* | KOH (8 M) | 0.58 | Neat | 115 | 5.2 | 715 | >95 |
14† | KOH (8 M) | 0.58 | Neat | 115 | 6.4 | 873 | >95 |
15 | KOH (8 M) | 0.58 | Neat | 70 | 0.1 | 17 | >95 |
16 | KOH (8 M) | 0.58 | Neat | 140 | 18.1 | 2,474 | >95 |
17 | KOH (8 M) | 0.58 | Neat | 160 | 34.8 | 4,760‡ | >95 |
