How do we form arbitrary associations, such as 'stop at red' or 'go at green'? A report in Nature suggests that these associations are first formed in the striatum but that activity changes in the prefrontal cortex are more closely related to improved performance.
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Ravel, S., Richmond, B. Where did the time go?. Nat Neurosci 8, 705–707 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn0605-705
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn0605-705