Abstract
Opium is the second-most-commonly abused substance (after tobacco) in developing countries of the Middle East region, and in many Asian nations. One of the reasons for the high prevalence of opium abuse in these countries is a traditional belief among Eastern people, even including some medical staff, that opium might have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health and in the control of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. In this Perspectives article, we summarize the current understanding of the pharmacotoxicology of opium and its specific effects on glycaemic control, blood pressure, lipid profile, and atherosclerosis. On the basis of the available evidence, we believe not only that opium has no ameliorating effect on cardiovascular diseases, but also that the use of this drug might have adverse effects on these conditions. Therefore, people should be educated about the hazardous effects of opium consumption on cardiometabolic diseases.
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Acknowledgements
N. Sarrafzadegan is currently on sabbatical at the Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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F. Masoudkabir and N. Sarrafzadegan researched data for the article, and all the authors discussed its content. F. Masoudkabir wrote the article, and all the authors revised/edited the manuscript before submission.
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Masoudkabir, F., Sarrafzadegan, N. & Eisenberg, M. Effects of opium consumption on cardiometabolic diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol 10, 733–740 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2013.159
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2013.159
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