Table 3 Clinical trials with mRNA vaccines against cancer

Antwerp University Hospital

DC EP with TAA mRNA (i.d. or NA)

AML

• NCT00834002 (I)

• NCT01686334 (II)

• Completed^206,207

• Recruiting

AML, CML, multiple myeloma

NCT00965224 (II)

Unknown

Multiple solid tumours

NCT01291420 (I/II)

Unknown²⁰⁸

Mesothelioma

NCT02649829 (I/II)

Recruiting

Glioblastoma

NCT02649582 (I/II)

Recruiting

Argos Therapeutics

DC EP with autologous tumour mRNA with or without CD40L mRNA (i.d. or NA)

Renal cell carcinoma

• NCT01482949 (II)

• NCT00678119 (II)

• NCT00272649 (I/II)

• NCT01582672 (III)

• NCT00087984 (I/II)

• Ongoing

• Completed²⁰⁹

• Completed; results NA

• Ongoing

• Completed; results NA

Pancreatic cancer

NCT00664482 (NA)

Completed; results NA

Asterias Biotherapeutics

DC loaded with TAA mRNA (NA)

AML

NCT00510133 (II)

Completed²¹⁰

BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH

Naked TAA or neo-Ag mRNA (i.nod.)

Melanoma

• NCT01684241 (I)

• NCT02035956 (I)

• Completed; results NA

• Ongoing

Liposome-complexed TAA mRNA (i.v.)

Melanoma

NCT02410733 (I)

Recruiting⁵⁹

Liposome-formulated TAA and neo-Ag mRNA (i.v.)

Breast cancer

NCT02316457 (I)

Recruiting

CureVac AG

RNActive TAA mRNA (i.d.)

Non-small-cell lung cancer

• NCT00923312 (I/II)

• NCT01915524 (I)

• Completed²¹¹

• Terminated²⁰⁰

Prostate cancer

• NCT02140138 (II)

• NCT00831467 (I/II)

• NCT01817738 (I/II)

• Terminated

• Completed¹⁵¹

• Terminated²¹²

Duke University

DC loaded with CMV Ag mRNA (i.d. or ing.)

Glioblastoma, malignant glioma

• NCT00626483 (I)

• NCT00639639 (I)

• NCT02529072 (I)

• NCT02366728 (II)

• Ongoing²¹³

• Ongoing^138,139

• Recruiting

• Recruiting

DC loaded with autologous tumour mRNA (i.d.)

Glioblastoma

NCT00890032 (I)

Completed; results NA

DC, matured, loaded with TAA mRNA (i.nod.)

Melanoma

NCT01216436 (I)

Terminated

Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital

DC loaded with TAA mRNA (NA)

Glioblastoma

• NCT02808364 (I/II)

• NCT02709616 (I/II)

• Recruiting

• Recruiting

Brain metastases

NCT02808416 (I/II)

Recruiting

Herlev Hospital

DC loaded with TAA mRNA (i.d.)

Breast cancer, melanoma

NCT00978913 (I)

Completed²¹⁴

Prostate cancer

NCT01446731 (II)

Completed²¹⁵

Life Research Technologies GmbH

DC, matured, loaded with TAA mRNA (NA)

Ovarian cancer

NCT01456065 (I)

Unknown

Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich

DC loaded with TAA and CMV Ag mRNA (i.d.)

AML

NCT01734304 (I/II)

Recruiting

MD Anderson Cancer Center

DC loaded with AML lysate and mRNA (NA)

AML

NCT00514189 (I)

Terminated

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

DC (Langerhans) EP with TAA mRNA (i.d.)

Melanoma

NCT01456104 (I)

Ongoing

Multiple myeloma

NCT01995708 (I)

Recruiting

Oslo University Hospital

DC loaded with autologous tumour or TAA mRNA (i.d. or NA)

Melanoma

• NCT00961844 (I/II)

• NCT01278940 (I/II)

• Terminated

• Completed²¹⁶

Prostate cancer

• NCT01197625 (I/II)

• NCT01278914 (I/II)

• Recruiting

• Completed; results NA

Glioblastoma

NCT00846456 (I/II)

Completed²¹⁷

Ovarian cancer

NCT01334047 (I/II)

Terminated

Radboud University

DC EP with TAA mRNA (i.d. and i.v. or i.nod)

Colorectal cancer

NCT00228189 (I/II)

Completed²¹⁸

Melanoma

• NCT00929019 (I/II)

• NCT00243529 (I/II)

• NCT00940004 (I/II)

• NCT01530698 (I/II)

• NCT02285413 (II)

• Terminated

• Completed^219,220

• Completed^220,221

• Completed^144,220,221

• Completed; results NA

Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel

DC EP with TAA and TriMix mRNA (i.d. and i.v.)

Melanoma

• NCT01066390 (I)

• NCT01302496 (II)

• NCT01676779 (II)

• Completed¹³⁷

• Completed¹⁴⁰

• Completed; results NA

University Hospital Erlangen

DC, matured, loaded with autologous tumour RNA (i.v.)

Melanoma

NCT01983748 (III)

Recruiting

University Hospital Tübingen

Autologous tumour mRNA with GM-CSF protein (i.d. and s.c.)

Melanoma

NCT00204516 (I/II)

Completed²²²

Protamine-complexed TAA mRNA with GM-CSF protein (i.d. and s.c.)

Melanoma

NCT00204607 (I/II)

Completed¹⁵⁰

University of Campinas, Brazil

DC loaded with TAA mRNA (NA)

AML, myelodysplastic syndromes

NCT03083054 (I/II)

Recruiting

University of Florida

RNActive^* TAA mRNA (i.d.)

Prostate cancer

NCT00906243 (I/II)

Terminated

DC loaded with CMV Ag mRNA with GM-CSF protein (i.d.)

Glioblastoma, malignant glioma

NCT02465268 (II)

Recruiting