This commentary outlines our expanding understanding of resident bacterial compartmentalization along the longitudinal and vertical intestinal axes and suggests optimal approaches to sampling the microbiota. Although readily available and noninvasive, faecal microbiota are not fully representative of mucosally associated bacterial communities, which might uniquely interact with epithelial and immune cells.
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R.B.S. is on a standing advisory panel (North American Probiotic Council) for Danone and Yakult, and receives grant support from GlaxoSmithKline and Salix for microbial-related studies. He has been on advisory boards for Vertex, Salix and GlaxoSmithKline related to microbiome studies.
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Sartor, R. Optimal sampling of the intestinal microbiota for research. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 12, 253–254 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2015.46
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2015.46