Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-derived prostaglandin (PG) E2 is involved in the development of various tumors, including colorectal cancer. However, the precise contribution of microsomal PGE synthase (mPGES)-1, a terminal enzyme that acts downstream of COX-2 in the PGE2-biosynthetic pathway, to multiple processes of tumor development is not yet fully understood. Here, we show the pro-tumorigenic role of mPGES-1 in chemical carcinogen-induced colon carcinogenesis and intrasplenic tumor transplantation models. Genetic deletion of mPGES-1 significantly reduced both the total number and size of colorectal polyps at 18 weeks after azoxymethane administration with reduced nuclear translocation of β-catenin, altered expression profiles of chemokines/cytokines and increased production of antitumorigenic PGs, prostaglandin D2 and prostacyclin in tumor tissues. At an early stage (6 weeks), mPGES-1 deficiency significantly reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci, while its transgenic overexpression increased the number. Furthermore, the growth of intrasplenically transplanted tumor cells was suppressed in mPGES-1 knockout (KO) mice. Co-culture of tumor cells with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BM-MΦs) isolated from wild-type (WT) mice resulted in the induction of mPGES-1 in BM-MΦs and increased the growth of tumor cells in vitro, whereas mPGES-1-null BM-MΦs failed to facilitate tumor growth. The adoptive transfer of WT BM-MΦs into mPGES-1 KO mice restored the growth of transplanted tumor cells, indicating that mPGES-1 in MΦs is important for the growth of adjacent tumor cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that the inhibition of mPGES-1 is an alternative therapeutic target for colorectal and possibly other cancers.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research; by a Private University High Technology Research Center Project matching-fund subsidy from the Ministry of Education, Sports, Science, Culture and Technology of Japan; and by a Showa University Special Grant-in-Aid for Innovative Collaborative Research Projects. D Kamei was supported by Research Fellowships from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for Young Scientists. M Murakami was supported by PRESTO from the Japan Science and Technology Agency.
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Sasaki, Y., Kamei, D., Ishikawa, Y. et al. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 is involved in multiple steps of colon carcinogenesis. Oncogene 31, 2943–2952 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2011.472
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2011.472
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