Fig. 2: Molecular pathways of DNA repair.
From: Maintenance of genome integrity and active homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells
a DNA damage. (1) Single-strand breaks (SSBs), (2) apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, (3) deaminations, (4) T-T dimers, (5) DNA mismatched pairs (base to base), and (6) double-strand breaks (DSBs). b DNA repair processes. Various types of DNA damage can be repaired by base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), mismatch repair (MMR), nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR).
