Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

Effect of whole body massage on pain scores of neonates during venous puncture and comparison with oral dextrose and Kangaroo care, a randomized controlled evaluator-blind clinical study

Abstract

Objective

Newborns in NICUs experience many painful procedures. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of whole body massage therapy on pain scores during venipuncture and to compare with oral 10% dextrose and Kangaroo care.

Study design

Newborns with gestational age ≥34 weeks were randomly enrolled to one of three groups: dextrose, massage and Kangaroo care and a blinded investigator scored the pain using NIPS before and during the procedure.

Results

There were 25, 26 and 23 newborns in dextrose, massage and Kangaroo care groups, respectively. Pain scores were similar before and during venipuncture in groups (p > 0.05). 36.5% of newborns (27/74) had severe pain scores. Number of newborns with no pain (score 0–2), moderate pain (score 3–4) and severe pain (score 5–7) were similar in each group.

Conclusion

Massage, Kangaroo and oral 10% dextrose had similar effects on pain scores during venipuncture.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

References

  1. Schneider J, Duerden EG, Guo T, Ng K, Hagmann P, Graz MB, et al. Procedural pain and oral glucose in preterm neonates: brain development and sex-specific effects. Pain. 2018;159:515–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Stevens B, Yamada J, Lee GY, Ohlsson A Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. 2014:CD 001069.

  3. Hall RW, Anand KJ. Pain management in newborns. Clin Perinatol. 2014;41:895–924.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Johnston C, Stevens B, Pinelli J, Gibbins S, Filion F, Jack A, et al. Kangaroo care is effective in diminishing pain response in preterm newborns. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157:1084–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Johnston C, Campbell-Yeo M, Disher T, Benoit B, Fernandes A, Streiner D, et al. Skin-to-skin care for procedural pain in neonates (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD008435.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Massaro AN, Hammad TA, Jazzo B, Aly H. Massage with kinesthetic stimulation improves weight gain in preterm infants. J Perinatol. 2009;19:352–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Field T, Diego M, Harnandez-Reif M, Dieter JN, Kumar AM, Schanberg S, et al. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 increased in preterm infants following massage therapy. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2008;29:463–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Guzzetta A, Baldini S, Bancale A, Baroncelli L, Ciucci F, Ghirri P, et al. Massage accelerates brain development and maturation of visual function. J Neurosci. 2009;29:6042–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Jain S, Kumar P, McMillan DD. Prior leg massage decreases pain responses to heel stick in preterm babies. J Paediatr Child Health. 2006;42:505–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bellieni CV, Cordelli DM, Marchi S, Ceccarelli S, Perrone S, Maffei M, et al. Sensorial saturation for neonatal analgesia. Clin J Pain. 2007;23:219–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Chik YM, Ip WY, Chow KC. The effect of upper limb massage on infants venipuncture pain. Pain Manag Nurs. 2017;18:50–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fitri SRY, Nasution AK, Nurhidayah I, Maryam NNA. Massage theraphy as a non-pharmacological analgesia for procedural pain in neonates: A scoping review. Complement Ther Med. 2021;59:102735.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Lawrence J, Alcock D, McGrath P, Kay J, MacMurray SB, Dulberg C. The development of a tool to assess neonatal pain. Neonatal Netw. 1993;12:59–66.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Suhrabi Z, Taghinejad H, Valian K, Sayehmiri K, Taheri S. A comparative study on the efficacy of glucose and sucrose on the vaccination pain: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8:PC01–3.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Harrison D, Larocque C, Bueno M, Stokes Y, Turner L, Hutton B, et al. Sweet solutions to reduce procedural pain in neonates: a meta-analyses. Pediatrics. 2017;139:e20160955.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bueno M, Harrison D, Khan S, Ohlsson A, Adams-Webber T, Beyene J, et al. A systematic review and meta- analyses of nonsucrose sweet solutions for pain relief in neonates. Pain Res Manag. 2013;18:153–61.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Deshmukh LS, Udani RH. Analgesic effect of oral glucose in preterm infants during venipuncture-A double- blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Trop Pediatr. 2002;48:138–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bellieni CV, Bagnoli F, Cordelli DM, Perrone S, Nenci A, Buonocore G. Analgesia for premature children. Ital J Ped. 2003;29:286–90.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Jatana SK, Dalal SS, Wilson CG. Analgesic effect of oral glucose in neonates. MJAFI. 2003;59:100–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Matar EM, Arabiat DH, Foster MJ. Oral glucose efficacy on neonate’s pain responses at the NICU: A quasi experimental trial of two clinical procedures. Appl Nurs Res. 2016;32:36–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Hsieh KH, Chen SJ, Tsao PC, Wang CC, Huang CF, Lin CM, et al. The analgesic effect of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce procedural pain in preterm neonates. Pediatr Neonatol. 2018;59:71–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Chermont AG, Falcao LF, de Souza Silva EH, Balda RCX, Guinsburg R. Skin- to- skin contact and/or oral 25% dextrose for procedural pain relief for term newborn infants. Pediatrics. 2009;124:e1101–1107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Pandita A, Panghal A, Gupta G, Verma A, Pillai A, Singh A, et al. Is kangaroo mother care effective in alleviating vaccination associated pain in early infantile period? A RCT. Early Hum Dev. 2018;127:69–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Castral TC, Warnock F, Leite AM, Haas VJ, Scochi CG. The effects of skin to skin contact during acute pain in preterm newborns. Eur J Pain. 2008;12:464–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Grunau RVE, Craig KD. Pain expression in neonates: facial action and cry. Pain. 1987;28:395–410.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The principal investigator HYY declare on behalf of all authors that authors have no financial interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

HYY; Conception, design, supervision, writing, literature review. YS; Analysis and Interpretation. BE, DYK and OF; Supervision, materials, data collection.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ferda Ozlu.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Consent to participate

Written informed consent was obtained from the parents of newborns included in the study.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yildizdas, H.Y., Erdem, B., Karahan, D.Y. et al. Effect of whole body massage on pain scores of neonates during venous puncture and comparison with oral dextrose and Kangaroo care, a randomized controlled evaluator-blind clinical study. J Perinatol 43, 590–594 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-022-01570-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-022-01570-8

Search

Quick links