This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
WHO. Prevalence of obesity among adults. Global Health Observatory Data Repository; 2017. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.WB2480A?lang=en. Accessed 28 Jan 2019.
Pearson-Stuttard J, Zhou B, Kontis V, Bentham J, Gunter MJ, Ezzati M. Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to diabetes and high body-mass index: a comparative risk assessment. lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6:e6–15.
Picon-Ruiz M, Morata-Tarifa C, Valle-Goffin JJ, Friedman ER, Slingerland JM. Obesity and adverse breast cancer risk and outcome: mechanistic insights and strategies for intervention. CA. 2017;67:378–97.
Kroenke CH, Neugebauer R, Meyerhardt J, Prado CM, Weltzien E, Kwan ML, et al. Analysis of body mass index and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer using causal diagrams. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2:1137–45.
McQuade JL, Daniel CR, Hess KR, Mak C, Wang DY, Rai RR, et al. Association of body-mass index and outcomes in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy: a retrospective, multicohort analysis. Lancet Oncol 2018;19:310–22.
Hohloch K, Altmann B, Pfreundschuh M, Loeffler M, Schmitz N, Zettl F, et al. Obesity negatively impacts outcome in elderly female patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas treated with R-CHOP: results from prospective trials of the German high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma trial group. Br J Haematol. 2018;180:236–45.
Geyer SM, Morton LM, Habermann TM, Allmer C, Davis S, Cozen W, et al. Smoking, alcohol use, obesity, and overall survival from non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a population-based study. Cancer 2010;116:2993–3000.
Leo QJ, Ollberding NJ, Wilkens LR, Kolonel LN, Henderson BE, Le Marchand L, et al. Obesity and non-Hodgkin lymphoma survival in an ethnically diverse population: the multiethnic cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 2014;25:1449–59.
Jones JA, Fayad LE, Elting LS, Rodriguez MA. Body mass index and outcomes in patients receiving chemotherapy for intermediate-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk lymphoma. 2010;51:1649–57.
Weiss L, Melchardt T, Habringer S, Boekstegers A, Hufnagl C, Neureiter D, et al. Increased body mass index is associated with improved overall survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 2014;25:171–6.
Zhou Z, Rademaker AW, Gordon LI, LaCasce AS, Crosby-Thompson A, Vanderplas A, et al. High body mass index in elderly patients with DLBCL treated with rituximab-containing therapy compensates for negative impact of male sex. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2016;14:1274–81.
Carson KR, Bartlett NL, McDonald JR, Luo S, Zeringue A, Liu J, et al. Increased body mass index is associated with improved survival in United States veterans with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:3217–22.
Egle A, Melchardt T, Obrtlikova P, Smolej L, Kozák T, Steurer M, et al. Rituximab maintenance overcomes the negative prognostic factor of obesity in CLL: subgroup analysis of the international randomized AGMT CLL-8a mabtenance trial. Cancer Med. 2019;8:1401–5.
Al-Sawaf O, Robrecht S, Bahlo J, Fink AM, Cramer P, von Tresckow J, et al. Impact of gender on outcome after chemoimmunotherapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a meta-analysis by the German CLL study group. Leukemia 2017;31:2251–3.
Muller C, Murawski N, Wiesen MH, Held G, Poeschel V, Zeynalova S, et al. The role of sex and weight on rituximab clearance and serum elimination half-life in elderly patients with DLBCL. Blood 2012;119:3276–84.
Acknowledgements
We wish to thank the patients and their treating physicians who participated in the trials. This work was presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology (San Diego, USA, December 1–4, 2018). The CLL4 and CLL10 trials were conducted as investigator-initiated trials by the GCLLSG. They were supported by research grants from MedacSchering Onkologie, Roche Pharma AG, Mundipharma, and a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education. The CLL8 study was conducted as an investigator-initiated trial by the GCLLSG from 2003 to 2004 and afterward sponsored by F. Hoffmann-La Roche.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
GH reports personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Celgene, and personal fees from Gildead outside the submitted work. A-MF reports personal fees (advisory board) from Janssen Pharmaceutical during the conduct of the study. OA-S reports Honoraria from Roche, Gilead, AbbVie, and Janssen. PL reports consultancy for Janssen, Sunesis, Mundipharma, and Roche, travel grants from Janssen, Mundipharma, and Roche, and research funding from Janssen, AbbVie, and Roche. PC reports consultancy for AbbVie, Acerta, Janssen, Novartis, and AstraZeneca, honoraria from AbbVie, Roche, and Janssen, research funding from AbbVie, Acerta, Roche, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, and Novartis, and travel grants from AbbVie, Roche, Gilead, Janssen, and Mundipharma. JvT reports consultancy for Roche, Janssen, AbbVie, and Celgene, honoraria from AbbVie, Roche, and Janssen, travel grants from Roche, Janssen, and Celgene, and research funding from Roche and Janssen. NK reports research funding from Gilead and travel grants from Mundipharma, AbbVie, and Janssen. MH reports consultancy for Gilead and travel grants from Gilead, AbbVie, and Hexal. MD reports personal fees from Acerta, Bayer, Gilead, Novartis, and Sandoz, grants and personal fees from Celgene, Janssen, and Roche, and grants from Mundipharma outside the submitted work. MK reports personal fees from Roche and AbbVie. SS reports grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Celgene, Gilead, GSK, Hoffmann-La Roche, Janssen, Novartis, Pharmacyclics, and Sunesis outside the submitted work. HD reports personal fees from Agios, AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas, Astex, Celator, Celgene, Janssen, Jazz, Novartis, Seattle Genetics, and Sunesis and research funding from AROG, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sunesis. C-MW reports grants and personal fees from Hoffmann-La Roche, and grants and personal fees from Mundipharma during the conduct of the study, grants and personal fees from Hoffmann-La Roche, Mundipharma, Janssen-Cilag, AbbVie, Gilead, Novartis, Celgene, and MorphoSys outside the submitted work. VG reports personal fees from Roche, Janssen, Gilead, and AbbVie outside the submitted work. KF reports personal fees (travel support) from Roche. MH reports research grants from Roche, Gilead, Mundipharma, Janssen, Celgene, Pharmacyclics, and AbbVie, and speakers bureau and advisory board for Roche, Gilead, Mundipharma, Janssen, Celgene, Pharmacyclics, and Boehringer. BE reports research grants from AbbVie, Gilead, Janssen, Roche, and Beigene and personal fees and advisory boards from the same companies and Celgene and Novartis in addition. MF, SR, CM, EL, MH, MGK, MvB, and ST declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fürstenau, M., Hopfinger, G., Robrecht, S. et al. Influence of obesity and gender on treatment outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) undergoing rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy. Leukemia 34, 1177–1181 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-019-0630-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-019-0630-6