Table 5 Risk of obesity-related cancer according to combined category of weight status change and metabolic dysfunction

From: Midlife weight gain is a risk factor for obesity-related cancer

Weight status changea/metabolic dysfunction

N

Baseline BMIa

Follow-up BMIa

PY

Cases

I/1000 py

HR (95% CI)b

Not overweightc/without MetDys

2063

23.7

24.4

32,269

136

4.21

1.00

Not overweight/with MetDys

296

25.5

26.2

4146

21

5.06

1.24 (0.78, 1.98)

Became overweightd/without MetDys

550

24.3

28.8

8003

58

7.25

1.72 (1.26, 2.36)

Became overweight/with MetDys

124

25

30.3

1677

14

8.35

2.05 (1.18, 3.55)

Sustained overweighte/without MetDys

558

29.9

32.2

8855

52

5.87

1.21 (0.87, 1.69)

Sustained overweight/with MetDys

259

32.1

34.4

3762

29

7.71

1.58 (1.05, 2.38)

  1. CI confidence interval, HR hazards ratio, I/1000 py incidence of cancer cases per 1000 person-years, MetDy metabolic dysfunction.
  2. aMean BMI at baseline and at the end of weight change period (average follow-up of 14 years).
  3. bAdjusted for age, sex, height, education, cigarettes per day, alcohol intake and physical activity.
  4. cWomen with BMI <25 kg/m2 and men with BMI <30 kg/m2 at baseline who had no change in BMI category over ~14-year weight change period.
  5. dWomen with BMI <25 kg/m2 at baseline who had BMI ≥25 kg/m2 at the end of weight change period; men with BMI <30 kg/m2 at baseline who developed BMI ≥30 kg/m2 at the end of weight change period.
  6. eWomen with BM ≥25 kg/m2 and men with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 at baseline who remained overweight throughout the weight change period
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