Fig. 5
From: Targeting adenylate-forming enzymes with designed sulfonyladenosine inhibitors
Biochemistry of ANL family enzymes. a Acyl-CoA synthetases and NRPS adenylation domains catalyze adenylation of carboxylic acids and amino acids (5.1) to form acyl-AMP intermediates (5.2), which react with a thiol nucleophile on the phosphopantetheine moiety of CoA or a carrier protein domain, respectively, to form thioester products (5.3, 5.4). b Firefly luciferase catalyzes adenylation of d-luciferin (5.5) to form a luciferyl-AMP intermediate (5.6), which reacts via the corresponding enolate with molecular oxygen to form an α-peroxide intermediate (5.7). Cyclization of the intramolecular peroxide nucleophile forms a peroxylactone (5.8). Fragmentation forms excited oxyluciferin (5.9), which emits light and returns to the ground state (5.10). ACP acyl carrier protein, PCP peptidyl carrier protein
