Table 2 Colony development and honey production in relation to fixed effects

From: Clothianidin seed-treatment has no detectable negative impact on honeybee colonies and their pathogens

Model

Model typea

Effect measurea

Estimatesb

Degrees of freedom

F b

P b

Colony development c

Number of capped brood cells

Full modeld

Intercept

4445.953

   

Seed-treatment

−23.591

1, 16

0.04

0.837

Bloom

−271.905

1, 110

6.06

0.015

Year

783.702

1, 19

42.12

<0.001

Seed-treatment x Bloom

171.907

1, 110

2.42

0.122

Seed-treatment x Year

−41.545

1, 17

0.13

0.719

Bloom x Year

466.244

1, 110

17.83

<0.001

Seed-treatment x Bloom x Year

276.231

1, 110

6.26

0.014

 

2013

Intercept

3656.020

   

Seed-treatment

20.252

1, 7

0.22

0.872

Bloom

−738.149

1, 75

46.74

<0.001

Seed-treatment x Bloom

−104.324

1, 75

0.10

0.380

 

2014

Intercept

5098.070

   

Seed-treatment

−60.730

1, 4

0.08

0.790

Bloom

194.339

1, 35

0.94

0.338

Seed-treatment x Bloom

448.139

1, 35

5.02

0.032

Number of adult bees

Full modeld

Intercept

5866

   

Seed-treatment

−61

1, 17

0.24

0.629

Bloom

1274

1, 110

161.40

<0.001

Year

−439

1, 20

11.26

0.003

Seed-treatment x Bloom

206

1, 110

4.22

0.042

Seed-treatment x Year

−17

1, 17

0.02

0.893

Bloom x Year

−1647

1, 110

269.79

<0.001

Seed-treatment x Bloom x Year

−140

1, 110

1.94

0.166

Spring assessment

Number of capped brood cells

2014

Intercept

6.684

   

Seed-treatment

0.029

1

X² = 0.82

0.821

Number of adult bees

2014

Intercept

4421.691

   

Seed-treatment

−164.356

1, 7

0.19

0.674

Honey production

Full modeld

Intercept

9.425

   

Seed-treatment

−0.095

1, 16

0.02

0.880

Year

−1.378

1, 18

4.47

0.049

Seed-treatment x Year

0.009

1, 16

<0.01

0.989

  1. a The number of capped brood cells and the number of adult bees in relation to clothianidin seed-treatment, bloom (before or after the oilseed rape flowering period) and year (2013 and 2014) using linear mixed effect models
  2. b Main effects/interactions were estimated using sum-to-zero contrasts and the deviation of the second level (after, clothianidin, 2014) of each factor (Bloom: before/after, Seed-treatment: control/clothianidin and Year: 2013/2014) from to the grand mean (intercept) is presented. P values < 0.05 are highlighted in bold
  3. c Measurements were taken during pre- and post- exposure assessment
  4. d Full model: n = 14, clothianidin-treated; n = 12, control fields; repeated measurements. 2013: n = 8 per treatment. 2014: n = 6, clothianidin-treated; n = 4 control fields
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