Table 1 Microwave-assisted amination of furfural (FUR)

From: N-formyl-stabilizing quasi-catalytic species afford rapid and selective solvent-free amination of biomass-derived feedstocks

Entry

Reactant (mmol)

Temp. (°C)

Time (min)

FUR Conv. (%)

Product Yield (%)

CB (%)

FUR

FA

AM

AMF

FDFAM

1

2

3

1

2

–

10

–

160

10

<5

3

0

0

0

99

2

2

6

10

–

160

10

100

<1

92

5

0

98

3

2

6

10

–

120

10

81

65

9

<2

0

95

15

92

67

17

2

0

94

4

2

6

10

–

180

3

99

2

78

17

0

98

200

2

100

<1

61

35

1

97

5a

2

6

10

–

180

60

83

<1

69

10

0

97

6

2

6

12

–

180

3

100

<1

98

<1

0

>99

7

2

6

6

–

200

3

97

<1

12

83

0

98

8

2

–

–

12

195

5

100

0

<2

2

88

92

9b

2

–

–

12

195

5

100

0

6

3

80

89

      

10

100

0

11

11

66

88

  1. Reactants formic acid (FA), formamide (AM) and ammonium formate (AMF)
  2. aOil bath
  3. b0.5 mmol water added to reactant solution (5 wt% H2O)
  4. FDFAM: N,N’-(Furan-2-ylmethylene)diformamide, 1: N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)formamide, 2: N,N’-bis(furan-2-ylmethyl)formamide, 3: tris(furan-2-ylmethyl)amine), CB: carbon balance
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