Fig. 2
From: Sleep increases chromosome dynamics to enable reduction of accumulating DNA damage in single neurons
Sleep increases chromosome dynamics in neurons. a Recording of sleep was performed in 6 dpf control or sleep-deprived larvae under an 14 h light/10 h dark cycle following by constant darkness (LD to DD, control: n = 119 larvae, sleep deprivation (SD): n = 96 larvae). b, c The area scanned by all chromosomes from all imaged Te neurons during 9.5 min (day: n = 26 cells; night: n = 29 cells). Color was coded according to the levels of volume of motion. d–f Volume of chromosome dynamics over 9.5 min per cell (EGFP-Terfa in d and e, EGFP-Cenpa in f). d Te neurons, ctrl: day (n = 26 cells), night (n = 29 cells), subjective day (n = 25 cells). SD: day (n = 26 cells), night (n = 35 cells), subjective day (n = 25 cells). P = 1.3 × 10−7, F = 17.54, degrees of freedom = 2. e Rh neurons, ctrl: day (n = 23 cells), night (n = 30 cells), subjective day (n = 35 cells). SD: day (n = 27 cells), night (n = 25 cells), subjective day (n = 26 cells). P = 7 × 10−6, F = 12.82, degrees of freedom = 2, determined by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. f SC neurons: day (n = 33 cells), night (n = 33 cells). *P = 0.0001, determined by two-tailed t-test: two samples assuming unequal variance. Red crosses indicate outliers. g, h Monitoring sleep and chromosome dynamics under melatonin (MT) treatment. Blue background represents time under treatment. g Pretreated and EtOH/MT-treated larvae (EtOH: n = 48; MT: n = 48 larvae). P = 7.4 × 10−4, F = 14.3, degrees of freedom = 3, determined by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Values are presented as means ± SEM. h Pre-treated cells (n = 22) and MT-treated cells (n = 25). *P = 7 × 10−6, determined by two-tailed t-test: two samples assuming unequal variance. i Te neurons, aanat2 +/+ : day (n = 16 cells), night (n = 21 cells). aanat2−/−: day (n = 14 cells), night (n = 32 cells). P = 1.7 × 10−3, F = 12.26, degrees of freedom = 1. j Rh neurons, aanat2+/+ : day (n = 24 cells), night (n = 24 cells). aanat2−/−: day (n = 19 cells), night (n = 30 cells). P = 7.6 × 10−4, F = 10.42, degrees of freedom = 1, determined by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Boxplots: black diamond represents the mean, boxes indicate the median and the 25th-to-75th percentiles, whiskers extend to the most extreme data points. Letters or asterisks indicate significant differences. ZT zeitgeber time
