Table 1 Comparison of extra-neural peripheral nerve interfaces.

From: Printable microscale interfaces for long-term peripheral nerve mapping and precision control

Investigators

Interface type

Implant site

D (mm)

L (mm)

Experiment

Results

Leob and Peck61

Split cuff

Sciatic nerve, cat

3–4

10–15

Chronic recording, spontaneous

Vpp = 25 µV, 24 days longevity

Sahin et al.62,63

Spiral cuff

Hypoglossal nerve, dog

2.5

20

Chronic recording, spontaneous

Vpp = 12 µV, SNR = 2.6 dB

7 months longevity

Stocker and Muntzel17

Split cuff

Splanchnic nerve, rat

0.5–1

2

Chronic recording, spontaneous

Vpp = 30 µV, 22 days longevity

Sabetian et al.64

Split cuff

Sciatic nerve, rat

1.25

13

Acute recording, stimulation evoked

Vpp = 70 µV, SNR = 5.5 dB

Struijk and Thomsen18

Spiral cuff

Tibial nerve, rabbit

2

20

Subchronic recording, natural evoked

Vpp = 10 µV, 5 days longevity

Chu et al.65

Spiral cuff

Sciatic nerve, rat

1

10

Acute recording, natural evoked

Vpp = 10 µV, SNR = 3 dB

Plachta et al.66

Spiral cuff

Vagus, rat

0.8

20

Acute recording, natural evoked

Acute stimulation, single channel

Vpp = 10 µV

Imax = 1000 µA, baroreflex activation

Lee et al.67

Spiral cuff

Sciatic nerve, rat

1

10

Acute recording, stimulation evoked

Vpp = 3000 µV

Tarler and Mortimer19

Spiral cuff

Sciatic nerve, cat

2.7–3.3

8

Acute stimulation, multichannel

Imax = 2000 µA, selective joint torque

Tyler and Durand20

Flat interface nerve electrode (FINE)

Sciatic nerve, cat

3–4

7

Acute stimulation, multichannel

Imax = 2000 µA, selective joint torque

Elyahoodayan et al.21

Lyse-and-attract cuff electrode (LACE)

Sciatic nerve, rat

1.3

10

Acute recording, stimulation evoked

Acute stimulation, single channel

Vpp = 400 µV

Imax = 200 µA, EMG recruitment

Seo et al.68

Neural dust

Sciatic nerve, rat

1

3

Acute recording, stimulation evoked

Vpp = 900 µV

Xiang et al.24

Neural ribbon

Sciatic and peroneal nerves, rat

0.3–0.6

3–5

Acute recording, stimulation evoked

Vpp = 125 µV

Lee et al.22

Neural clip

Vagus, sciatic, and pelvic nerves, rat

0.25–0.6

2

Acute stimulation, single channel

Imax = 200 µA, voiding and baroreflex activation

González-González et al.25

Multielectrode soft cuffs (MSC)

Sciatic and pelvic nerves, rat

0.2–1

1

Acute recording, natural evoked

Subchronic recording, stimulation evoked

Acute stimulation, multichannel

Vpp = 150 µV

Vpp = 400 µV, 30 days longevity

Imax =  100 µA, selective joint angle

Present work

Nanoclip, polyimide thin-film electrodes

Tracheosyringeal nerve, zebra finch

0.15

0.3

Acute recording, stimulation evoked

Chronic recording, spontaneous

Acute stimulation, multichannel

Vpp = 3000 µV, SNR = 48.1

Vpp = 500 µV, SNR = 10, 30 days longevity

Imax = 200 µA, fictive singing

  1. D estimates the diameter of the implanted nerve. L indicates the length of the nerve interface. Stimulation evoked: recorded activity was evoked by electrical stimulation of the implanted nerve. Natural evoked: recorded activity was evoked by naturalistic activation of sensory responses. Spontaneous: recorded activity was result of spontaneous behavior or processes.