Table 2 Characteristics of selected articles reporting on laboratory tests
Nr. | Author | Setting | % with pneumonia | Age range | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | Index test | Reference standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | Nijman et al.39 | ED, the Netherlands | 6.7% | 1 month–15 years | Fever noted in 24 h before presentation or ≥38.0 °C at ED | Chronic comorbidity, received antibiotics in the past week | Signs and symptoms, CRP | CXR, 1-week follow-up |
6.1 | Oostenbrink et al.35 | ED, the Netherlands | 16% | 1 month–16 years | Rectal temperature ≥38.0 °C and cough | Immunodeficiency, multiple handicaps, pre-existing pulmonary disease | Signs, symptoms, vital signs, WBC, CRP | Composite: CXR, or follow-up, or review of records |
6.2 | Oostenbrink et al.35 | ED, UK | 14% | 1 month–16 years | Axillary temperature ≥38.0 °C and lower respiratory tract infection signs | Immunodeficiency | Signs, symptoms, vital signs, WBC, CRP | Composite: CXR, or follow-up, or review of records |
6.3 | Oostenbrink et al.35 | ED, UK | 3.7% | 1 month–16 years | Fever reported or measured rectally ≥38.5 °C and acute breathing difficulty | Immunodeficiency, multiple handicaps, admitted for resuscitation | Signs, symptoms, vital signs, WBC, CRP | Composite: CXR, or follow-up, or review of records |
10 | Urbankowska et al.31 | Department of pediatric pulmonology and allergy, Poland | 72% | >1 month | Fever >38.0 °C, dyspnea, cough, and abnormal long auscultation | Hospital-acquired pneumonia, persistent abnormalities on former CXR, treated for pneumonia in the past 4 weeks | CRP, WBC | CXR |
13 | Irwin et al.40 | ED, UK | 9.8% | <16 years | Fever, requiring blood tests | Immunodeficiency | CRP, WBC, PCT, resistin, NGAL | CXR |
