Extended Data Fig. 3: Predicted policy effects.

a, The effects of policy 1, with on average more than 550 widely spaced time steps for τ = 10 and N = 10⁴. If the size of an aggregate remains within the range s_min to s_max for a particular time period τ, that aggregate then fragments. b, The effects of policy 2. Colours represent different intervention starting times (t_I) in units of days (vertical grey lines): green t_I = 80, red t_I = 120, blue t_I = 200. Line types represent different percentages of individuals randomly removed (that is, banned) at time t_I: dashed line 10%, dotted line 30%, solid line 50%. c, Results for policy 3 of the time to extinction (T) as a function of the initial population partition (N + P = 1,000 fixed, with N being the initial size of the hate population and P being the initial size of the anti-hate population) and the banning rate of the platform, from numerical simulations and also analytic theory. d, Policy 4 shows effect of different allocations of 100 peacekeepers in the hate-cluster versus anti-hate-cluster scenario. n_c is the number of clusters of peacekeepers (that is, individuals of type C) that have size s_c.