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Black holes up close

Nature volume 615, pages 597–604 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

Recent developments have ushered in a new era in the field of black-hole astrophysics, providing a direct view of the remarkable environment near black-hole event horizons. These observations have enabled astronomers to confirm long-standing ideas on the physics of gas flowing into black holes with temperatures that are hundreds of times greater than at the centre of the Sun. At the same time, the observations have conclusively shown that light rays near a black hole experience large deflections that cause a dark shadow in the centre of the image, an effect predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity. With further investment, this field is poised to deliver decades of advances in our understanding of gravity and black holes through stringent tests of general relativity, as well as insights into the role of black holes as the central engines powering a wide range of astronomical phenomena.

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Fig. 1: Event Horizon Telescope images of two supermassive BHs.
Fig. 2: Numerical simulation of BH accretion and the resulting theoretically predicted image.
Fig. 3: The origin of photon subrings.
Fig. 4: Radio and millimetre images of the relativistic jet in M87*.

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Data availability

EHT data for Fig. 1 are available at https://github.com/eventhorizontelescope.

Code availability

Figure 1 and the right panel of Fig. 2 were created using the ehtim (eht-imaging) software package90 which is available at https://github.com/achael/eht-imaging.

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Acknowledgements

We thank A. Chael, D. Palumbo and G. Wong for their help making Figs. 1–3.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Ramesh Narayan

  2. Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Ramesh Narayan

  3. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

    Eliot Quataert

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  2. Eliot Quataert
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R.N. and E.Q. contributed equally to all aspects of the paper.

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Correspondence to Ramesh Narayan.

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Narayan, R., Quataert, E. Black holes up close. Nature 615, 597–604 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05768-4

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