Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Heart beat but not respiration is the main driving force of the systemic venous return in the Fontan circulation

Figure 3

Respiratory-to-cardiac amplitude ratio and retrograde flow. Left: Ratio of respiratory (Ar) and cardiac (Ac) systemic venous flow amplitudes was significantly different in normal controls (n = 11) versus Fontan patients (n = 14). Right: Retrograde flow fraction for patients in Fontan circulation as determined with three methods: simultaneous gating using the physio-matrix, ECG gating (C), and respiratory gating (R).

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