Table 3 Determinants of rapid renal progression (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) lope < −3 ml/min/1.73 m2/year) using logistic analysis in study patients.

From: Increased Aortic Arch Calcification and Cardiomegaly is Associated with Rapid Renal Progression and Increased Cardiovascular Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease

Parameter

Univariate

Multivariate (model 1)

Multivariate (model 2)

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

Study group

  AoAC < 4 and CTR < 50%

Reference

 

—

—

Reference

 

  AoAC < 4 and CTR ≥ 50%

2.557(1.505–4.346)

0.001

—

—

2.333(1.225–4.440)

0.010

  AoAC ≥ 4 and CTR < 50%

2.371(1.451–3.874)

0.001

—

—

2.640(1.404–4.966)

0.003

  AoAC ≥ 4 and CTR ≥ 50%

5.597(3.381–9.265)

<0.001

—

—

4.815(2.474–9.369)

<0.001

AoAC (per 1 score)

2.098(1.657–2.658)

<0.001

2.264(1.665–3.079)

<0.001

—

—

CTR (per 1%)

1.090(1.056–1.125)

<0.001

1.059(1.014–1.107)

0.010

—

—

Age (per 1 year)

0.991(0.978–1.005)

0.991

0.965(0.945–0.985)

0.001

0.972(0.952–0.991)

0.005

Gender (male v.s. female)

1.331(0.943–1.878)

0.103

0.815(0.495–1.341)

0.421

0.876(0.540–1.422)

0.592

Diabetes mellitus

2.112(1.482–3.010)

<0.001

1.225(0.709–2.118)

0.467

1.190(0.696–2.035)

0.525

Hypertension

2.687(1.528–4.725)

0.001

1.789(0.828–3.863)

0.139

1.810(0.850–3.856)

0.124

Coronary artery disease

1.565(0.970–2.525)

0.066

—

—

—

—

Cerebrovascular disease

0.724(0.408–1.287)

0.724

—

—

—

—

ACEI and/or ARB use

0.819(0.581–1.155)

0.255

0.836(0.502–1.390)

0.489

0.813(0.493–1.340)

0.416

Systolic blood pressure (per 1 mmHg)

1.009(1.002–1.017)

0.015

0.996(0.986–1.006)

0.383

0.998(0.988–1.008)

0.738

Diastolic blood pressure (per 1 mmHg)

0.991(0.979–1.003)

0.155

—

—

—

—

Body mass index (per 1 kg/m2)

1.009(0.967–1.054)

0.669

—

—

—

—

Fasting glucose (per 1 mg/dL)

1.005(1.002–1.008)

0.003

1.003(0.999–1.008)

0.172

1.004(0.999–1.008)

0.090

Hemoglobin (per 1 g/dL)

0.806(0.743–0.876)

<0.001

1.021(0.885–1.178)

0.779

1.039(0.902–1.197)

0.593

Baseline eGFR (per 1 mL/min/1.73 m2)

0.951(0.938–0.966)

<0.001

0.974(0.950–0.999)

0.044

0.973(0.950–0.997)

0.031

Calcium-phosphorous product (per 1 mg2/dL2)

1.040(1.017–1.063)

<0.001

0.990(0.960–1.021)

0.534

0.988(0.959–1.019)

0.454

Total cholesterol (per 1 mg/dL)

1.003(1.000–1.006)

0.078

—

—

—

—

Log-transformed triglyceride (log per 1 mg/dL)

1.584(0.770–3.258)

0.211

—

—

—

—

HDL-cholesterol (per 1 mg/dL)

1.009(0.996–1.023)

0.179

—

—

—

—

LDL-cholesterol (per 1 mg/dL)

1.001(0.997–1.006)

0.516

—

—

—

—

Albumin (per 1 g/dL)

0.184(0.112–0.305)

<0.001

0.398(0.208–0.763)

0.006

0.421(0.222–0.799)

0.008

Upcr (log per 1 mg/g)

5.920(3.884–9.023)

<0.001

2.849(1.618–5.018)

<0.001

2.931(1.684–5.102)

<0.001

  1. Values expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Abbreviations are the same as in Table 1.
  2. Multivariate model: adjust for age, sex and ACEI/ARB usage plus variables of p-value < 0.05 in univariate analysis.
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